128 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 



on a bough, or a basket with a sive bottom ... an hooke to 

 pull boughes to you." For storing, apples and pears should be 

 laid " in a drie loft ... in a heape ten or fourteen days, that 

 they may sweate " ; they must then be wiped and dried " with 

 a clean and softe cloth," and afterwards laid between layers 

 of straw. Sir Hugh Piatt gives a recipe for " apples kept with- 

 out wrinkles." " Gather not your Pippins till the full moon, 

 after Michaelmas ; so may you keepe them a whole yeare with- 

 out shrinking ; and so of grapes and all other fruits." 



" Our orchards," writes Holinshed, " were never furnished 

 with such good fruit, nor with such varietie as at the present." 

 The varieties of almost every kind of fruit had been increased 

 by cultivation. The number of apples was " infinite," and as 

 Gerard and Parkinson found it quite impossible to give the 

 names of all the kinds grown in their time, it would be useless 

 to attempt such a catalogue now. Gerard gives woodcuts 

 of the " Pomewater tree." " The Baker's ditch apple tree," 

 " the King of Apples," " The Quining, or Queene of Apples," 

 and " the Sommer " and " Winter Pearmain." Parkinson 

 says of the Queen Apple, two sorts, both " great, fair, red, and 

 well relished," and Ben Jonson thus refers to the same apple : 



" Only your nose inclines 

 That side that's next the sun to the queene apple." 



" The golding pippin," Parkinson writes, " is the greatest and 

 best of all sorts of pippins." He gives also the Summer, 

 French, Russet, spotted and yellow pippins, and adds, " I know 

 no sort of pippins but are excellent, good, well-relished fruits." 

 He is not so lavish in his praise of some of the other sorts of 

 apples, as " The Paradise Apple," " not to be commended," 

 or " Twenty sorts of sweetings and none good." He names 

 several from France, and brackets together " Pome de Ram- 

 bures, de Capandas and de Calual, as all fair and good apples 

 brought from France." The following are a few names from 

 among those which he calls " very good," or " fair," " great," 

 " goodly," and " very well rellished." " Pearmain, Russeting, 

 Broading, Flower of Kent, J)avie Gentle, Costards Harvey, 

 Deusan or Apple- John, Kentish Codlin, and Worcester apple." 

 Which were the best known and most popular varieties 



