KITCHEN GARDENING UNDER JAMES I. 137 



have been kept up for many years, as the last reference to it 

 among the family papers is dated 1638, in which year Lady 

 Hatton sent some vine-cuttings. 



In spite of the efforts of the writers of the early seventeenth 

 century, vine-culture was never really revived in England, 

 and vineyards gradually ceased to be planted. A few isolated 

 instances occur later on. Brandy is said to have been made 

 at Beaulieu in the last century, and Fairchild, in 1722, had a 

 flourishing vineyard in Hoxton. These were probably nearly 

 the last serious attempts at vine-culture. 



In the writings of this period the ideas for protecting and 

 sheltering delicate plants begin to appear, which a little later 

 developed into orangeries and greenhouses, and finally into the 

 hothouse and stove. Sir Hugh Piatt, especially, in the second 

 part of the Garden of Eden, not printed until 1660, frequently 

 mentions the possibility of growing plants in the house, and 

 utilizing the fires in the rooms to force gilliflowers and carna- 

 tions into early bloom. " I have known Mr. Jacob of the 

 Glassehouse," he writes, " to have carnations all the winter 

 by the benefit of a room that was neare his glassehouse fire." 

 Holinshed, while praising the orchards of his day, says, " I 

 have seen capers, orenges and lemmons, and heard of wild 

 olives growing here," but he does not say how they were pre- 

 served from cold. Gerard also describes both oranges and 

 lemons, but he is too honest to pretend that they grow in 

 England. A few oranges, however, were successfully reared 

 in this country. " I bring to your consideration," writes 

 Parkinson, in the treatise on the Orchard, " the Orenge alone 

 without mentioning Citron or Lemmon trees, in regard of the 

 experience we have seen made of them in divers places, For 

 the orenge tree hath abiden with some extraordinary looking 

 [after it] and tending of it, when as neither of the other would 

 by any means be preserved any long time." " They must," 

 he goes on to say, be kept in " great square boxes, and lift there 

 to and fro by iron hooks in the sides ... to place them in an 

 house or close gallery in for the winter time . . . but no tent or 

 mean provision will preserve them." Piatt suggests that if 

 planted against a concave-shaped wall, lined with lead or tin 

 to cause reflexion, they might " happily bear their fruit in 



