GARDENING UNDER WILLIAM AND MARY 219 



It is not known who these spirited portraits are by ; they 

 probably date from about the year 1700, so are rather early for 

 the work of Rysbrack (1693-1770) or Roubiliac (1695-1762). 

 Most of the makers of these lead statues came from abroad. 

 One founder was Peter Scheemakers, who migrated from 

 Antwerp to London about 1735, and his partner was Laurent 

 Delvaux. By far the most important of the workers in lead 

 was John, or Jan, Van Nost, a Dutch sculptor, who had a studio 

 in Piccadilly. He seems to have been assisted by Charpentiere, 

 and also had a son who did similar work. The Piccadilly 

 business was carried on after Jan Van Nost's death by John 

 Cheere, whose brother, Sir Henry, executed several of the 

 monuments in Westminster Abbey. Sir Henry was probably 

 the artist, and supplied the designs, while John was the manager 

 and owner of the foundry. A large proportion of the known 

 lead work issued from Van Nost's workshop, and the Melbourne 

 ornaments were cast there. The subjects were not always 

 original, and copies of Giovanni de Bologna were frequent. The 

 kneeling figure of a blackamoor was a favourite design, and also 

 an Asiatic slave in the same attitude. At Melbourne they hold 

 a stone slab, on which rests a lead vase. In the replicas at 

 Glemham the negro's head supports a sundial bearing the 

 arms of Elihu Yale (1649-1721), the founder of Yale University 

 in the United States, whose daughter married Dudley North, of 

 Glemham. More than half a dozen other examples of this 

 figure exist, the best known being the sundial, formerly in 

 Clement's Inn, and now in the Inner Temple Garden. Another 

 fine specimen of lead work near London is the fountain with a 

 Cupid and swans at Charlton, erected by Sir William Langhorne 

 at the end of the seventeenth century. Caius Gabriel Cibber, a 

 native of Holstein, was employed for the statues, vases, and 

 fountains at Chatsworth from 1687 to 1691. The ironwork there 

 was done by Jean Tijou, a Frenchman, who was the most 

 prominent artist of designs for ironwork in England after the 

 Restoration. Some of his best work is to be seen in Wren's 

 buildings, and he was busy at St. Paul's from 1693 to 1711, and 

 began work at Hampton Court in 1689, and was often associated 

 with Talman and Vanbrugh. Most of the finest garden-gates 

 throughout the kingdom were from his designs, and many of 



