238 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 



the process, which was to " build ovens at certain distances at 

 the back of walls, and keeping them continually warm from 

 January till the Sun's Power is sufficient of itself to maintain 

 the growth of the plants growing against such walls . . . 

 whereby the latest kinds of grapes are commonly ripen' d 

 about July or August." Bradley adds a caution which takes 

 one step farther towards a modern vinery, " Take notice, 

 that during the cold season, when these Fruits are forced to 

 shoot unseasonably, the Plants must be cover'd with glasses 

 to prevent the injuries they might receive from frosts." 1 At 

 Lord Derby's, at Knowsley Hall, near Liverpool, there was 

 another method of heating a wall to produce early grapes, 

 thus described by a traveller in 1732 : " An hot wall here for 

 Vines, ye wall is built hollow, or you may say two walls are run 

 up just together, at each end are Stoves where you put in the 

 coal & there is a chimney in y e halfway of y e wall : y e fires 

 are lighted every night." 2 Philip Miller had a method of 

 forcing apricots and cherries by nailing the trees on to a screen 

 of boards, facing south, covering the front with glass, and 

 piling up the back of the boards with a hot bed. 



Rose is said to have raised a pine-apple in England, and 

 presented it to Charles II., but for many years that remained a 

 unique specimen and an unrivalled feat. The culture was not 

 understood until this period. Henry Tellende, gardener to Sir 

 Matthew Decker, at Richmond, was the first who brought the 

 " Ananas or Pine Apple to rejoice in our climate." 3 Before 

 long, several growers gave their attention to Pines, and within 

 fifty years books entirely devoted to their culture found ready 

 sale. 4 



Fairchild, at Hoxton, and Green, at Brentford, had two of 

 the best fruit gardens, the latter being exceptionally good for 

 figs. But it was more especially in vegetable culture that 

 great advances were made. There had for long been a fair 



1 Bradley, Works of Nature, 1721. 



2 Diary of a Tour in 1732 made by John Loveday, of Caver sham, edited 

 by his Grandson. Roxburghe Club, 1890. 



3 Bradley, Dictionarium Botanicum, 1728. 



4 Ananas, a Treatise on the Pine Apple, by John Giles, 1767. A Treatise 

 on the Anana, by Adam Taylor, Devizes, 1769. Treatise on the Pine 

 Apple, by W. Speechley, 1779. 



