NINETEENTH CENTURY 273 



After many years of search in America, he went to seek more 

 treasures in the Sandwich Islands, and met his death in a very 

 sad way soon after his arrival there in 1834. He fell into a 

 deep hole cut by natives for catching wild cattle, and was 

 killed by one of the animals in it. Such a tragic end to one 

 who had done so much did not deter others from risking their 

 lives in pursuit of plants in strange countries. More pines were 

 collected in California by Theodor Hartweg. Pinus Ben- 

 thamiana, Pinus Devoniana, and others ; also Lupines, Ber- 

 berries, and Fuchsias, and several Achimenes, were discovered 

 by him. 



Perhaps the most successful of all adventurous collectors 

 was Robert Fortune. He was born in 1813, and died in 1880. 

 He first entered the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, and was 

 subsequently superintendent of the hot-houses at Chiswick. In 

 1842, he started for China, after the conclusion of the war, 

 and during the years which followed he was constantly sending 

 home fresh treasures. Some of the best-known garden flowers 

 were found by him : Anemone japonica,,Dielytra (or Dicentra) 

 spectabilis, Kerria japonica ; varieties of Prunus, Viburnum, 

 Spiraea, and many Azaleas and Chrysanthemums ; Gardenia 

 Fortunei, Daphne Fortunei, Berberis Fortunei, Forsythia 

 viridissima, Weigela rosea, Jasminum nudiflorum, the white 

 variety of Wistaria, and many other valuable plants. His 

 greatest feat was to go to Loo Chow, disguised as a Chinaman, 

 and there he obtained the double yellow rose, which he first 

 saw covering a wall in a mandarin's garden, and the fan- 

 leafed or Chusan palm, which bear his name. After the 

 second Chinese War a fresh impetus was given to enterprise, 

 and steadily during the middle of the century a stream of new 

 plants continued to pour in from the Far East. Gradually the 

 glorious lilies of Japan made their appearance. There was a 

 thrill of pleasure when Lilium auratum was first shown, and 

 a year or two later — in 1867 — the sight of Azalea mollis was 

 hardly less welcome. Soon after hardy bamboos, Japanese 

 maples and Iris began to arrive, but it was only during the 

 last twenty years of the century that they became cheap 

 enough to be within the compass of small gardeners. The 

 importation of them in large quantities then began, 60,000 



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