294 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 



house, but more often came as a surprise, being partially hidden 

 by shrubs. Errington, a practical gardener of note, wished to 

 " place the flower garden a little on one side of the principal 

 walk, not far from the mansion, and yet so contrived as to be 

 almost entirely concealed from both mansion and walk." 1 



Ornamental shrubs were so much on the increase that a 

 shrubbery to show them off became a special feature. Lilacs, 

 both the common and the Persian, had been grown in Eliza- 

 bethan times, but many shrubs now familiar only appeared 

 about 1840, Deutzias, Diervillas (= Weigelias), and Pyrus 

 Japonica, many new varieties of Spiraea, Veronica, and Ber- 

 beris (Aquifolium, Darwinii, etc.), among the number ; and, in 

 addition, crimson and double pink hawthorn were introduced 

 as novelties about the same time. The " American Shrubbery" 

 was frequently made at an earlier date. Loudon gives a list 

 of the genera chiefly in favour in it about 1830, which includes 

 Magnolia, Rhododendron, Azalea, Andromedas, Kalmia, Vac- 

 cinium, and to these there might be added the Allspice family, 

 the Hydrangeas, and many others. It is no wonder that a 

 " shrubbery " was thought desirable. Generally the green- 

 house was placed in the flower garden, surrounded by shrubs, 

 unless it was " appended to the house." Although the incon- 

 venience of such an isolated position was soon realized, even 

 practical gardeners maintained the shrubbery was " the most 

 proper situation for the green-house or conservatory." 8 



New roses, too, called for display, and therefore a rosery 

 became necessary. In some retired spot, surrounded by ever- 

 green bushes, the roses, dwarfs and standards, were arranged 

 in neat little beds with wire arches between. Delightful old 

 Damask, cinnamon, York and Lancaster, and moss roses, were 

 given a place among the new hybrids. A certain amount of 

 planting beside lakes or other artificial water was advised, but 

 it did not occur to the designer who made the suggestion, or 

 the gardener who carried it out, that Iris or water-loving plants 

 were suitable. Kemp 3 writes : on " small islands dogwood 

 and Arbutus, or a thicket of common thorns, Hollies, or Furze, 



1 Loudon's Encyclopedia of Gardening, 5542. 



2 Nicol, quoted in Loudon's Encyclopedia. 



3 How to Lay Out a Garden, by Edward Kemp. Third edition, 1864. 



