The Ganoids 9 
and ventral fins, and their well-developed cerebral hemispheres, 
very unlike those of Ganoids and approaching the Amphibian 
type, they form a very well-defined group and one very dis- 
tinctly separated from the Ganoids. 
“No doubt the Chondrostean Ganoids are nearly as far re- 
moved from the Teleostei as from the Dipnoans, but the links 
uniting these Ganoids with the Teleostei have been so fully 
preserved in the existing fauna of the globe that the two groups 
almost run into each other. If, in fact, we were anxious to 
make any radical change in the ordinary classification of fishes, 
it would be by uniting the Teleostei and Ganoids, or rather 
constituting the Teleostei into one of the subgroups of the 
Ganoids, equivalent to the Chondrostei. We do not recom- 
mend such an arrangement, which in view of the great pre- 
ponderance of the Teleostei amongst living fishes would be 
highly inconvenient, but the step from Amza to the Teleostei 
is certainly not so great as that from the Chondrostei to Amia, 
and is undoubtedly less than that from the Selachii to the Holo- 
cephali.”’ 
Gill on the Ganoids as a Natural Group.—Dr. Gill observes 
(‘Families of Fishes,” 1872): “‘The name Ganoides (or Ganio- 
lepedoti) was originally framed by Prof. Agassiz as an ordinal 
term for fishes having the scales (when present) angular and 
covered with enamel; and in the group so characterized were 
combined the Ganoids of subsequent authors as well as the Tele- 
ostean orders Plectognathi, Lophobranchii, and Nematognathi, 
and (subsequently) the genus Sudis (Arapaima), the last being 
regarded as a Coelacanth. The group has not been accepted with 
these limits or characters. 
“ But the researches of Prof. Johannes Miller on the anatomy 
and classification of the fishes culminated at length in his cele- 
brated memoirs on those fishes for which he retained the ordinal 
name Ganoidei; those memoirs have left an impression on 
ichthyology perhaps more decided than made by any other 
contributions to science, and that published 7 extenso will 
ever be classical; numerous as have been the modifications since 
introduced into the system, no forms except those recognized 
by Miller (unless it be Dipnoi) have been interjected since 
among the Ganoids. 
