70 Salmonidze 
gals, and 75 to 95 pyloric coeca. The gill-rakers are more numer- 
ous than in any other salmon, the number being usually about 
Fic. 54.—King-salmon grilse, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). 
(Photograph by Cloudsley Rutter.) 
39 (16+23). The scales are larger, there being 130 to r4o in 
the lateral line. In the spring the form is plumply rounded, 
and the color is a clear bright blue above, silvery below, and 
everywhere immaculate. Young fishes often show a few round 
black spots, which disappear when they enter the sea. Fall 
specimens in the lakes are bright crimson in color, the head clear 
olive-green, and they become in a high degree hook-nosed and 
slab-sided, and bear little resemblance to the spring run. Young 
spawning male grilse follow the changes which take place in the 
adult, although often not more than half a pound in weight. 
Fic. 55.—Male Red Salmon in September, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), 
Payette Lake, Idaho. 
These little fishes often appear in mountain lakes, but whether 
they are landlocked or have come up from the sea is still un- 
