84 Salmonidz 
dling fish. The following experiments have been tried, accord- 
ing to Mr. Davis: 
In March, 1896, 5000 king-salmon fry were marked by 
cutting off the adipose fin, then set free in the Clackamas River. 
Nearly 400 of these marked fish are said to have been taken in 
the Columbia in 1898, and a few more in 1899. In addition a 
few were taken in 1898, 1899, and 1900 in the Sacramento 
River, but in much less numbers than in the Columbia. In the 
Columbia most were taken at the mouth of the river, where 
nearly all of the fishing was done, but a few were in the original 
stream, the Clackamas. It is stated that the fry thus set free 
in the Clackamas came from eggs obtained in the Sacramento— 
a matter which has, however, no bearing on the present case. 
In the Kalama hatchery on the Columbia River, Washing- 
ton, 2000 fry of the quinnat or king-salmon were marked in 
1899 by a V-shaped notch in the caudal fin. Numerous fishes 
thus marked were taken in the lower Columbia in 1901 and 1902. 
A few were taken at the Kalama hatchery, but some also at the 
hatcheries on Wind River and Clackamas River. At the 
hatchery on Chehalis River six or seven were taken, the stream 
not being a tributary of the Columbia, but flowing into Shoal- 
water Bay. None were noticed in the Sacramento. The evi- 
dence shows that the most who are hatched in a large stream 
tend to return to it, and that in general most salmon return 
to the parent region. There is no evidence that a salmon hatched 
in one branch of a river tends to return there rather than to 
any other. Experiments of Messrs. Rutter and Spaulding in 
marking adult fish at Karluk would indicate that they roam 
rather widely about the island before spawning. An adult 
spawning fish, marked and set free at Karluk, was taken soon 
after on. the opposite side of the island of Kadiak. 
The introduction of salmon into new streams may throw 
some light on this question. In 1897 and 1898 3,000,000 young 
quinnat-salmon fry were set free in Papermill Creek near Olema, 
California. This is a small stream flowing into the head of 
Tomales Bay, and it had never previously had a run of salmon. 
In 1900, and especially in 1901, large quinnat salmon appeared 
in considerable numbers in this stream. One specimen weigh- 
ing about sixteen pounds was sent to the present writer for 
