Series Ostariophysi 167 
the Mississippi Valley, and is notable for its nuptial tubercles 
and the black and orange fins. 
In the negro-chub, Exoglossum maxtlingua of the Pennsyl- 
Fig. 127.—Stone-roller, Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque). Family Cyprinide. 
Showing nuptial tubercles and intestines coiled about the air-bladder. 
vanian district, the rami of the lower jaw are united for their 
whole length, looking like a projecting tongue. 
The fallfish, Semotilus corporalis, is the largest chub of the 
Eastern rivers, 18 inches long, living in swift, clear rivers. It 
is a soft fish, and according to 
Thoreau ‘it tastes like brown 
paper salted’’ when it is cooked. 
Close to this isthe horned dace, 
Semotilus atromaculatus, and the 
-horny head, Hybopsis kentucki- 
ensts, both among the most widely 
distributed of our river fishes. 
These are all allied to the gudgeon 
(Gobto gobio), a common boys’ fish 
of the rivers of Europe, and much Fic. 128.—Head of Day-chub, Fzo- 
glossum_ mazxillingua (Le Sueur). 
sought by anglers who can get Shenandoah River. 
nothing better. The bream, 
Abramis, represented by numerous species in Europe, has a deep 
compressed body and a very long anal-fin. It is also well repre- 
sented in America, the golden shiner, common in Eastern and 
Southern stréams, being Abramis chrysoleucus. The bleak of 
Europe (Alburnus alburnus) is a ‘“‘shiner’’ close to some of our 
species of Notropis, while the minnow of Europe, Phoxinus 
phoxinus, resembles our gorgeously colored Chrosomus erythro- 
