266 Percomorphi 
of 1879 and 1880. It has not, so far as is known, been seen 
since, nor is the species recorded from any other coast. 
The true Spanish mackerel has round, bronze-black spots 
upon its sides. Almost exactly like it in appearance is the 
pintado, or sierra (Scomberomorus regalis), but in this species 
the spots are oblong in form. The pintado abounds in the 
West Indies. Its flesh is less delicate than that of the more 
true Spanish mackerel. The name serra, saw, commonly 
applied to these fishes by Spanish-speaking people, has been 
corrupted into cero in some books on angling. 
Still other Spanish mackerel of several species occur on 
the coasts of India, Chile, and Japan. 
The great kingfish, or cavalla (Scomberomorus ‘cavalla), is 
a huge Spanish mackerel of Cuba and the West Indies, reaching 
a weight of too pounds. It is dark iron-gray in color, one 
of the best of food-fishes, and is unspotted, and its firm, rich 
flesh resembles that of the barracuda. 
Still larger is the great guahu, or peto, an immense sharp- 
nosed, swift-swimming mackerel found in the East and West 
Indies, as well as in Polynesia, reaching a length of six feet 
and a weight of more than a hundred pounds. Its large 
knife-like teeth are serrated on the edge and the color is 
almost black. Acanthocybium solandri is the species found in 
Hawaii and Japan. The American Acanthocybium  petus, 
occasionally also taken in the Mediterranean, may be the 
same species. 
Fossil Spanish mackerels, tunnies, and albacores, as well 
as representatives of related genera now extinct, abound in 
the Eocene and Miocene, especially in northern Italy. Among 
them are Scomber antiquus from the Miocene, Scombrinus 
macropomus from the Eocene London clays, much like Scomber, 
but with stronger teeth, Sphyrenodus priscus from the same 
deposits, the teeth still larger, Scombramphodon crossidens, 
from the same deposits, also with strong teeth, like those of 
Scomberomorus. Scomberomorus is the best represented of 
all the genera as fossil, Scomberomorus speciosus and numerous 
other species occurring in the Eocene. A fossil species of 
Germo, G. lanceolatus, occurs at Monte Bolca in Eocene rocks, 
Another tunny, with very small teeth is Eothynnus salmonens, 
