290 Cavallas and Pampanos 
Very close to the Pempheride is the small family of Bathy- 
clupeide. These are herring-like fishes, much compressed and 
Fig. 226.—Pempheris nyctereutes Jordan & Evermann. Giran, Formosa. 
with a duct to the air-bladder. There are but one or two dorsal 
spines. The ventrals are of one spine and five rays as in perch, 
like fishes, but placed behind the pectoral fins. This feature- 
due to the shortening of the belly, is regarded by Alcock, the 
discoverer, as a result of degeneration, and the family was 
LN 
ry 
LN 
Fic. 227.—The Louvar, Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque. Family Luvaride. 
(After Day.) 
placed by him among the herrings. The persistent air-duct 
excludes it from the Percesoces, the normally formed ventrals 
from the Berycoider, If we trust the indications of the skeleton, 
