The Bass and their Relatives 333 
Lobotes pacificus is found about Panama. Lobotes erate, com- 
mon in India, was taken by the writer at Misaki, Japan. 
The Bigeyes: Priacanthide.—The Catalufas or bigeyes (Pria- 
canthide) are handsome fishes of the tropics, with short, 
flattened bodies, rough scales, large eyes, and bright-red color- 
ation. The mouth is very oblique, and the anal fin about as 
large as the dorsal. The commonest species is Priacanthus 
cruentatus, widely diffused through the Pacific and also in the 
West Indies. This is the noted Aweoweo of the Hawaiians, 
which used to come into the bays in myriads at the period of 
death of royalty. It is still abundant, even after Hawaiian 
royalty has passed away. 
Pseudopriacanthus altus is a short, very deep-bodied, and 
very rough fish, scarlet in color, occasionally taken along our 
coast, driven northward by the Gulf Stream. The young fishes 
are quite unlike the adult in appearance. Numerous other 
species of Priacanthus occur in the Indies and Polynesia. 
The Pentacerotide.— Another family with strong spines and 
rough scales is the group of Pentacerotide. Histiopterus typus, 
the Matodai, is found in Japan, and is remarkable for its very 
deep body and very high spines. Equally remarkable is the 
Tengudai, Histiopterus acutirostris, also Japanese. Anoplus 
banjos is a third Japanese species, more common than the others, 
and largely taken in the Inland Sea. All these are eccentric 
variations from the perch-like type. 
The Snappers: Lutianide.—Scarcely less numerous and varied 
than the sea-bass is the great family of Lutsantde, known 
in America as snappers or pargos. In these fishes the maxillary 
slips along its edge into a sheath formed by the broad preor- 
bital. -In the Serranide there is no such sheath. In the Luti- 
anide there is no supplemental maxillary, teeth are present 
on the vomer and palatines, and in the jaws there are distinct 
canines. These fishes of the warm seas are all carnivorous, 
voracious, gamy, excellent as food though seldom of fine grain, 
the flesh being white and not flaky. About 250 species are 
known, and in all warm seas they are abundant. 
To the great genus Lutianus most of the species belong. These 
are the snappers of our markets and the pargos of the Spanish- 
speaking fishermen. The shore species are green in color, mostly 
