Suborder Jugulares 503 
Japan and numerous others in the waters of Polynesia. Pseu- 
deleginus major of the Italian Miocene must belong near Para- 
percis. 
The Bathymasteride, or ronquils, are perhaps allied to the 
Nototheniide; they resemble the Opzsthognathide, but the jaws 
are shorter and they have a large number of vertebre as befits 
their northern distribution. Ronquilus jordani is found in Puget 
Sound and Bathymaster signatus in Alaska. The ventral rays 
are I, 5, and the many-rayed dorsal has a few slender spines in 
front. 
The Leptoscopide.—The Leptoscopide of New Zealand re- 
semble the weevers and star-gazers, but the head is unarmed, 
covered by thin skin. 
The Star-gazers: Uranoscopide.— The Uranoscopide, or star- 
Fic. 444.—Bathymaster signatus Cope. Shumagin Is., Alaska. 
gazers, have the head cuboid, mostly bony above, the mouth 
almost vertical, the lips usually fringed, and the eyes on the 
flat upper surface of the head. The spinous dorsal is short and 
may be wanting. The hypercoracoid has a foramen, and the 
body is naked or covered with small scales. The appearance is 
eccentric, like that of some of the Scorpenide, but the anatomy 
differs in several ways from that of the mailed-cheek fishes. 
The species inhabit warm seas, and the larger ones are food- 
fishes of some importance. One species, Uranoscopus scaber, 
abounds in the Mediterranean. Uranoscopus japonicus and 
other species are found in Japan. Astroscopus y-grecum is the 
commonest species on our Atlantic coast. The bare spaces on 
the top of the head in this species yield vigorous electric 
shocks. Another American species is Astroscopus guttatus. In 
Japan and the East Indies the forms are more numerous and 
varied. Ichthyscopus lebeck, with a single dorsal, is a fantastic 
