540 Opisthomi and Anacanthini 
two dorsal fins. The deep-water genus, Bathyonus, is also 
regarded as a distinct family, Bathyonde. 
The Hakes: Merluciide.—Better defined than these families 
is the family of hakes, Merluciide. These pike-like codfishes 
have the skull peculiarly formed, the frontal bones being paired, 
excavated above, with diverging crests continuous forward 
from the forked occipital crest. The species are large fishes, 
Fic. 492.—California Hake, Merluccius productus (Ayres). Seattle. 
very voracious, without barbels, with the skeleton papery and 
the flesh generally soft. The various species are all very much 
alike, large, ill-favored fishes with strong teeth and a ragged 
appearance, the flesh of fair quality. Merluccius merluccius, 
the hake or stock-fish, is common in Europe; Merluccius bilinearis, 
the silver hake, is common in New England, Merluccius pro- 
ductus in California, and Merluccius gayi in Chile. 
The Grenadiers: Macrouride.— The large family of grena- 
diers, or rat-tails, Macrourida, is confined entirely to the oceanic 
Fig. 493.—Coryphenoides carapinus (Goode & Bean), showing leptoceral tail. 
Gulf Stream. 
depths, especially of the north Atlantic and Pacific. The head is 
formed much as in the codfishes, with usually a barbel at the chin. 
There are two dorsals, the second like the anal being low, but 
the leptocercal tail is very long and tapering, ending in a fila- 
