242 GARDENS : THEIR FORM AND DESIGN 



to plant climbers such as vines, passion flower, clematis, 

 and hops. In Lombardy, as well as having these 

 garlands trained from tree to tree, they have sometimes a 

 thick piece of stick or bough secured at right angles to 

 the trunk of the " tuteur " which supports the vine. Thus, 

 an effect like Fig. 126 is obtained, which is rather interest- 

 ing. Another way is to have a big tree at A, and plant 

 low-growing vines at C, and then train them to sticks four 

 feet high, either in a circle or any other way, but to keep 

 them low and near the ground, and then guide them to A. 



They look well near the ground and it needs less growth, 

 so that this would be quicker in England than growing 

 them to climb high up a tree (Fig. 128). 



In Northern Italy the " tuteurs " are sometimes 

 willow-trees ; but more often mulberries are used for the 

 purpose, as they are planted for the silk-worms. By the 

 middle of June their leaves have all been eaten off, and 

 then the vines take entire possession of the bare 

 branches. 



In some sheltered parts along the South of England 

 we could obtain very effective resemblance to Italian 

 hillside gardens. We should plant one central tree, say 

 a red cardinal willow or a pink thorn, and in a wide 



