THE OX. 163 
builder would find his best ;laster sadly impaired without a proper admixture 
of cow’s hair ; and the practical chemist would be greatly at a loss for some 
of his most valuable productions if the entire Ox tribe were swept from the 
earth. Not even the very intestines are allowed to be wasted, but are 
employed for a variety 
of purposes and in 
a variety of trades. 
Sometimes the bones 
are subjected to a pro- 
cess which extracts 
every nutritious par- 
ticle out of them, and 
even in that case, the 
remaining innutritious 
portions of the bones 
are made useful by 
being calcined, and 
manufactured into the 
animal charcoal which 
has lately been so y 
largely employed in sane 
many of the arts and a BE el po 
sciences. THE Ox.—(Bos.) 
The Domestic Cow 
is too well known to need any detailed description of form and colour. 
Few persons, however, except those who have been personally conversant 
with these animals, have any idea of their intelligent and affectionate 
natures. 
As the Oxen, in common with the sheep, camel, giraffe, and deer, require a 
large amount of vegetable food, and are, while in their native regions, subject 
to innumerable disturbing causes that would effectually prevent them from 
Satisfying their hunger in an ordinary manner, they are furnished with a 
peculiar arrangement of the stomach and digestive organs, by means of which 
they are enabled to gather hastily a large ainount of food in any spot where 
the vegetation is luxuriant, and to postpone the business of mastication and 
digestion to a time when they may be less likely to be disturbed. The 
peculiarity of structure lies chiefly in the stomach and gullet, which are 
formed so as to act as an internal food-pouch, analogous in its use to the 
cheek-pouches of certain monkeys and rodents, together with an arrange- 
ment for regurgitating the food into the mouth at the will of the animal, 
previous to its mastication and digestion. 
The domestic cattle of India are commonly known by the name of ZEBU, 
and are conspicuous for the curious fatty hump which projects from the withers, 
These animals are further remarkable for the heavy dewlap which falls in 
thick folds from the throat, and which gives to the forepart of the animal a 
very characteristic aspect. The limbs are slender, and the back, after rising 
towards the haunches, falls suddenly at the tail. 
THE Zebu is a quiet and intelligent animal, and is capable of being trained 
in various modes for the service of mankind. It is a good draught animal, 
and is harnessed either to carriages or to ploughs, which it can draw with 
great steadiness, though with but little speed. Sometimes it is used for 
riding, and is possessed of considerable endurance, being capable of carrying 
a rider for fifteen hours a day, at an average rate of five or six miles per hour. 
The Zebu race has a very wide range of locality, being found in India, 
China, Madagascar, and the eastern coast of Africa, It is believed, however, 
M 2 
