194 THE BACTRIAN CAMEL. 
Arabian relative, it is intended for the purpose of traversing vast deserts 
without needing refreshment on the way. This species is spread through 
Central Asia, Thibet, and China, and is domesticated through a large portion 
of the world. It is not so enduring an animal as the Arabian species, requir- 
ing a fresh supply of liquid every three days ; while the Arabian Camel can 
exist without water for five or even six days. 
The height of the Bactrian Camel is rather more than that of the Arabian 
species, and its colour is generally brown, which sometimes deepens into 
sooty black, and sometimes fades into a dirty white. 
THE true camels are exclusively confined to the Old World, but find repre- 
sentatives in the New World in four acknowledged species of the genus LLAMA, 
These animals are comparatively small in their dimensions, and possess no 
hump, so that they may easily be distinguished from the camels. Their hair 
is very woolly, and their 
countenance has a very 
sheep-like expression, so 
that a full-haired Llama 
instantly reminds the 
spectator of a long- 
legged, long - necked 
sheep. The feet of the 
Llamas are very differ- 
ent from those of the 
camels, as their haunts 
are always found to be 
upon rocky ground, and 
their feet must of neces- 
sity be accommodated 
to the ground on which 
they are accustomed to 
tread. The toes of the 
= Llama are completely 
divided, and are each 
furnished with a rough 
cushion beneath, and a 
BACTRIAN CAMEL.—(Camdlus Bactriinus.) strong, claw-like hoof 
above, so that the mem- 
ber may take a firm hold of rocky and uneven ground. 
Four species of Llamas are now acknowledged ; namely, the Vicugna, the 
Guanaco, the Yamma, and the Alpaca. 
THE VICUGNA is found in the most elevated localities of Batavia and 
Northern Chili, and is a very wild and untameable animal, having resisted 
all the attempts of the patient natives to reduce it to a state of domestication. 
It is extremely active and sure-footed in its mountain home, and being 
equally timid and wary, is seldom captured ina living state. It lives in herds 
near the region of perpetual snow, and in its habits bears some resemblance 
to the chamois. The short, soft, silken fur of this animal is very valuable. 
The colour of the Vicugna is a nearly uniform brown, tinged with yellow on 
the back, and fading into grey on the abdomen. Its height at the shoulder 
is about two feet six inches. 
THE GUANACO is spread over a very wide range of country extending over 
the whole of the temperate regions of Patagonia. The colour of this species 
is a ieddish brown, the ears and hind legs grey. The neck is long in com- 
parison with the size of the body, and the height at the shoulder is about 
three feet six inches. 
