PENGUINS. 407 
THE PENGUINS form a very remarkable sub-family, all its members having 
their wings modified into paddles useless for flight, but capable of being em- 
ployed as fore-legs in terrestrial progression when the bird is in a hurry, and 
There are iiany species of Pen- 
probably as oars or paddles in the water. 
guins, but as they are very similar in 
general habits, we must be content with 
a single example.. 
The Capgé PENGUIN is very common 
at the Cape of Good Hope and the Falk- 
land Islands. From the extraordinary 
sound it produces while on shore, it is 
called the Jackass Penguin. Darwin gives 
the following interesting account of this 
bird:—“ Indiving, its little plumeless wings 
are used as fins, but on the land, as front 
legs. When crawling (it may be said 
on four legs) through the tussocks, or on 
the side of a grassy cliff, it moved so 
very quickly that it might readily have 
been mistaken for aquadruped. When at 
sea and fishing, it comes to. the sur- 
face for the purpose of breathing, with 
such a spring, and dives again so instan- 
taneously, that I defy anyone at first 
nk 
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PUFFIN. —(fratercula arctica.) 
sight to be sure that it is not a fish leaping for sport.” 
These birds feed their young in a very singular manner. The parent bird 
gets on a hillock, and apparently delivers a very impassioned speech for a 
few minutes, at the end of which, it lowers its head and opensits beak. The 
young one, who has been a patient auditor, thrusts its head into the open 
beak of the mother, and seems to 
suck its subsistence from the thrvat 
of the parent bird. Another speech 
is immediately made, and the same 
process repeated, until the young is 
satisfied. 
This Penguin is very courageous, 
but utterly destitute of the better 
part of courage —discretion; for 
it will boldly charge at a man just 
as Don Quixote charged the wind- 
mills, and with the same success, as 
a few blows from a stick is sufficient 
to lay a dozen birds prostrate. 
THE common GUILLEMOT is an 
example of the next sub-family. 
This bird is found plentifully on 
our coasts throughout the year, and 
may be seen swimming and diving 
with a skill little inferior to that of 
the divers. It can, however, use its (cape pencuIN.—Spheniscus demersus.) 
legs and wings tolerably well, and is 
said to convey its young from the rocks on which it is hatched, by taking 
it on the back and flying down to the water. 
The Guillemot lays one egg, singularly variable in colour. 1 possess 
several eyys, all unlike, and Mr. Champley has five hundred, no two of whicn 
