THE CADDIS-FLY. 541 
In order to enable the Ant-Lion to extract the juices of the insects on 
which it feeds, the inner curve on each mandible is deeply grooved, and 
another portion of the jaws, technically called the maxilla, plays within the 
groove, The larva, half-sunk in its pit-fall, is shown in the left-hand lower 
corner of the illustration. 
The May-FLy has long been cclehrated for its short space of life, a single 
day sometimes witnessing its entrance into the perfect state and its final 
departure from the world. The popular idea concerning these insects is, 
that the whole of their life is restricted to a single day. ‘This, however, is an 
error, as they have already passed at least two years in their preliminary 
stages of existence. In the larval and pupal states they are inhabitants of 
the water, and are fond of hiding themselves under stones, or burrowing into 
the muddy banks. Under the latter circumstances they make a very curious 
tunnel, something like a double-barrelled gun. 
The May-fly is peculiarly notable for a stage of development which seems 
to be quite unique among insects. When it has passed through its larval 
and pupal state, it leaves the water, creeps out of its pupa case, and takes to 
its wings. After a period, varying from one to twenty hours, it flies to some 
object, such as the trunk of a tree or the stems of water-plants, and casts off 
‘a thin membranous pellicle, which has enveloped the body and wir g. the dry 
pellicle remaining in the same spot, and looking at first like a dead insect. 
Ck aw 
Nan J ae 
MAY-FLY.—( Ephemera vulgata.) CADDIS-FLY.—(PAryganea grandis.) 
After this cperation the wings become brighter, and the three filaments of 
the tail increase to twice their Jenyth. Some authors call the state between 
leaving the water and casting the pellicle the “ pseudimago” state. 
Some of the-e insects are well known to fishermen under the names of 
Green and Grey Drake, the former being the pseudimago, and the latter the 
perfect form of the insect, which is represented in the illustration, Some- 
tim s these insects occur in countless myriads, looking like a heavy fall of 
snow as they are blown by the breeze, and having on some occasions been 
so plentiful that they have been gathered into heaps and carted off to the 
fields for manure. 
THE order called Trichoptera, or Hairy-winged insects, is represented by 
the common CaDDIs FLY. 
Tuis fly is well known to every angler both in its larval and in its 
perfect state. The larva is a soft white worm, of which fishes are exceedingly 
fond, and it therefore requires some means of defence. It accordingly 
actually makes for itself a movable house of sand, small stones, straws, 
