20 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
victory, they were at a loss 
to guess who these new foes 
might be. The alarm was 
given, and the Macedonian 
troops set out in battle-array. 
Then through the morning 
mists they saw that the 
enemy was an immense troop 
of monkeys. Their prisoners, 
who knew what the alarm 
was caused by, made no small 
sport of the Macedonians. 
i, ee 
THE SPEECH OF MONKEYS 
Something should be said 
of the alleged “speech of 
monkeys” which Professor 
Garner believed himself to 
have discovered. He rightly 
excluded mere sounds showing 
joy, desire, or sorrow from the 
faculty of speech, but claimed 
to have detected special words, 
one meaning “ food,” another 
“drink,” another “give me 
that,” another meaning 
“ monkey,’ or an identification 
Photo by Ottomar Anschiitz] [Barlée - of a second animal or monkey. 
CHACMA BABOON He used a phonograph to 
This photograph shows his attitude when about to make an attack keep permanent record of the 
sounds, and made an expe- 
dition to the West African forests in the hope that he might induce the large anthropoid 
apes to answer the sounds which are so often uttered by their kind in our menageries.. 
The enterprise ended, as might have been expected, in failure. Nor was it in the least 
necessary to go and sit in a cage in an African forest in the hope of striking up an acquaint- 
ance with the native chimpanzees. The little Capuchin monkeys, whose voices and sounds he 
had ample opportunity of observing here, give sufficient material for trying experiments in the 
meaning of monkey sounds. The writer believes that it is highly probable that the cleverer 
monkeys have a great many notes or sounds which the others do understand, if only because 
they make the same under similar circumstances, otherwise they would not utter them. They 
are like the sounds which an intelligent but nearly dumb person might make. Also they have 
very sharp ears, and some of them can understand musical sounds, so far as to show a very 
marked attention to them. The following account of an experiment of this kind, when a violin 
was being played, is related in “ Life at the Zoo”: « The Capuchin monkeys, the species selected 
by Professor Garner for his experiments in monkey language, showed the strangest and most 
amusing excitement. These pretty little creatures have very expressive and intelligent faces, and 
the play and mobility of their faces and voices while listening to the music were extraordinarily 
rapid, The three in the first cage at once rushed up into their box, and then all peeped out, 
chattering and excited. One by one they came down, and listened to the music with intense 
curiosity, shrieking and making faces at a crescendo, shaking the wires angrily at a discord, and 
