6 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
PAPPAN, MiAs-rAmest, and Mtas-Kassu, the third of which is smaller, has no cheek-excrescences, 
and very large teeth. Some naturalists recognise a pale and a dark race. 
Most of our information is due to Raja Brooke and Dr. Wallace. The species is confined to 
Borneo and Sumatra, but fossils have been found in India of this genus, as well as of a chim- 
panzee. The orang is less man-like than the chimpanzee and gorilla. In height the male varies 
from 3 feet 10 inches to 4 feet 6 inches, the female being a few inches shorter. It is a heavy 
creature, with large head—often a foot in breadth—thick neck, powerful arms, which reach nearly 
to the ankles, and protuberant abdomen. Its legs are short and bowed. The forehead is high, 
the nose fairly large, the ears very human. The throat is ornamented with large pouches, and 
there are often callosities on the cheeks. The fingers are webbed, the thumb small, the foot long 
and narrow, the great toe 
[ "small and often without a 
nail. The brain is man like, 
and the ribs agree in number 
with those of man; but there 
are nine bones in the wrist, 
whereas man, the gorilla, and 
the chimpanzee have but 
eight. The canine teeth are 
enormous in the male. The 
hair, a foot or more long on 
the shoulders and thighs, is 
yellowish red: there is a 
slight beard. The skin is 
gray or brown, and often, in 
adults, black. 
The orang is entirely a 
tree-living animal, and is only 
found in moist districts where 
there is much virgin forest. 
On the ground it progresses 
clumsily on all-fours, using 
its arms as crutches, and with 
5 the side only of its feet on the 
Photo by Ottomar Anschiits] [Berlin ground. In trees it travels 
YOUNG ORANG-UTANS deliberately but with perfect 
It will be seen here, from the profile, that the young anthropoid ape has only the upper part of ease, swinging along under- 
the head at all approaching the human type 
neath the branches, although 
it also walks along them semi-erect. It lives alone with mate and young, and builds a sleeping 
place sufficiently low to avoid the wind. Its food is leaves and fruit, especially the durian; its 
feeding-time, midday. 
No animal molests the mias save—so say the Dyaks—the python and crocodile, both of 
which it kills by tearing with its hands. It never attacks man, but has been known to bite 
savagely when brought to bay, and it is very tenacious of life, one being found by Mr. Wallace 
still alive after a fall from a tree, when “ both legs had been broken, its hip-joint and the root of 
the spine shattered, and two bullets flattened in neck and jaws.” 
In captivity young orangs are playful and docile, but passionate. Less intelligent than 
chimpanzees, they may be taught to eat and drink nicely, and to obey simple commands. One 
in the Zoo at present has acquired the rudiments of drill. They will eat meat and eggs, and 
drink wine, beer, spirits, and tea. An orang described years ago by Dr. Clarke Abel was allowed 
