4 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
evident that she understands the words seven, 
eight, nine, and ten to betoken numbers higher 
than those below them. When she was asked 
for any number above six, she always gave 
some number over six and underten She 
sometimes doubled over a straw to make it 
present two ends, and was supposed (thus) to 
hasten the attainment of her task.” By no 
means all the chimpanzees are so patient as 
Sally. One kept in the Zoological Gardens 
for some time made an incessant noise by 
stamping on the back of the box in which it 
was confined. It struck this with the flat of 
its foot while hanging to the cross-bar or perch, 
and made a prodigious din. This seems to 
bear out the stories of chimpanzees assembling 
and drumming on logs in the Central African 
forests. 
THE GoRILLA 
The name of this enormous ape has been 
known since 450 B. c. Hanno the Cartha- 
ginian, when off Sierra Leone, met with wild 
Photo by A. 8, Rudland & Sons 
HEAD OF MALE GORILLA men and women whom the interpreter called 
This is a photograph of one of the first gorillas ever brought to England. GoRILLAS. The males escaped and flung 
Tt was sent by the famous M. du Chaillu stones from the rocks, but several females. were 
captured. These animals could not have been gorillas, but. were probably baboons. Andrew 
Battell, already mentioned, described the gorilla under the name of Pongo. He says it is like a 
man, but without understanding even to put a log on a fire; it kills Negroes, and drives off the 
elephant with clubs; it is never taken alive, but its young are killed with poisoned arrows; it 
covers its dead with boughs. Dr. Savage described it in 1847. Later Du Chaillu visited its 
haunts, and his well-known book relates how he met and killed several specimens. But Mr. 
Winwood Reade, who also went in quest of it, declared that Du Chaillu, like himself, never 
saw a live gorilla. Von Koppenfels, however, saw a family of four feeding, besides shooting 
others. The late Miss Kingsley met several, one of which was killed by her elephant-men. - 
The gorilla has a limited range, extending from 2° north to 5° south latitude in West Africa, 
a moist overgrown region including the mouth of the Gaboon River. How far east it is found 
is uncertain, but it is known in the Sierra del Cristal. In 1851-52 it was seen in considerable 
numbers on the coast. 
The Gorilla is the largest, strongest, and most formidable of the Primates. An adult male 
is from 5 feet 8 inches to 6 feet high, heavily built, with arms and chest of extraordinary power. 
The arms reach to the middle of the legs. The hands are clumsy, the thumb short, and the 
fingers joined by a web. The neck scarcely exists. The leg has a slight calf. The toes are 
stumpy and thick; the great toe moves like a thumb. The head is large and receding, with ~ 
enormous ridges above the eyes, which give it a diabolical appearance. The canine teeth are 
developed into huge tusks. The nose has a long bridge, and the nostrils look downwards. The 
ear is small and man-like. 
In colour the gorilla varies from deep black to iron-gray, with a reddish tinge on the head; 
old animals become grizzled. The outer hair is ringed gray and brown; beneath it is a woolly 
growth. The female is smaller—not exceeding 4 feet 6 inches—and less hideous, as the canines 
