APES, MONKEYS, AND LEMURS 3 
gorilla and baboon have often been laid on its shoulders, and information derived from natives is 
usually untrustworthy. Apparently the chimpanzee avoids coming into collision with man, 
although, when attacked, it is a formidable antagonist. Tales of chimpanzees kidnapping women 
and children need stronger evidence than they have yet obtained. The natives kill this ape by 
spearing it in the back, or by driving it into nets, where it is entangled and easily dispatched. 
According to Livingstone, the Soko, as the chimpanzee is called in East Central Africa, kills the 
leopard by biting its paws, but falls an easy prey to the lion. 
In captivity it is docile and intelligent, but usually fails to stand a northern climate for more 
than afew months. It is easily taught to wear clothes, to eat and drink in civilised fashion, to 
understand what is said to it, and reply with a limited vocabulary of grunts. Sally learnt to 
count perfectly up to six, and less perfectly to ten; she could also distinguish white from any 
colour, but if other colours were presented her she failed, apparently from colour-blindness. Of 
this ape the late Dr. G. J. Romanes wrote with something more than the enthusiasm of a clever 
man pursuing a favourite theme: “ Her intelligence was conspicuously displayed by the remark- 
able degree in which she was able to 
understand the meaning of spoken lan- 
guage—a degree fully equal to that pre- 
sented by an infant a few months before 
emerging from infancy, and therefore 
higher than that which is presented by 
any brute, so far at least as I have 
evidence to show.” Romanes here — 
speaks only, be it noticed, of ability to 
understand human speech—not to think 
and act. But this is in itself a great 
mark of intelligence on human lines. 
“ Having enlisted the cooperation of the 
keepers, I requested them to ask the ape 
repeatedly for one straw, two straws, 
three straws. These she was to pick up 
and hand out from among the litter of 
her cage. No constant order was to be 
observed in making these requests ; but 
whenever she handed a number not asked 
for her offer was to be refused, while if 
she gave the proper number her offer 
was to be accepted, and she was to re- 
ceive a piece of fruit in payment. In 
this way the ape had learnt to associate 
these three numbers with the names. 
As soon as the animal understood what 
was required, she never failed to give 
the number of straws asked for. Her 
education was then completed in a similar 
manner from three to four, and from 
four to five straws. Sally rarely made 
mistakes up to that number; but above Photo by G. W’, Wilson & Co.y Lid.] 
five, and up to ten, to which one of the A YOUNG CHIMPANZEE 
keepers endeavoured to advance her This excellent photograph, by Major Nott, F.Z.S., is particularly good, 
education, the result is uncertain. It is as showing the manner in which these animals use their hands and feet 
