CHAP Tie kv 
THE DOG FAMILY 
HE tribe now treated is called the Dog Family, and 
rightly so, for our domestic dogs are included in 
the group, which comprises the Wolves, Dogs, 
Jackals, Wild Dogs, and Foxes. Their general characters 
are too familiar to need description, but it should be noted 
that the foxes differ from the dogs in having contracting 
pupils to the eye (which in bright sun closes like a cat's 
to a mere slit), and some power of climbing. The origin 
of the domestic dog is still unsettled. 
THE Wo.Lr 
This great enemy of man and his dependents—the 
creature against the ravages of which almost all the early 
races of Europe had to combine, either in tribes, villages, 
Wey or principalities, to protect their children, themselves, and 
Y their cattle—was formerly found all over the northern 
ba Wie hemisphere, both in the Old and New Worlds. In India 
Nn ee Sr ae it is rather smaller, but equally fierce and cunning, though, 
A GROWING CUB : : : 
Hiiadkos ticoudlf ck Daxclope Vad long Pretowy.. 2 there are no long winters, it does not gather in packs. 
large feet, and long jaw before its body grows in In many lands the popular fear of the wolf has persisted 
Proportion for centuries, a momento of the time when this animal 
was man’s most dreaded enemy. In Switzerland the ancient organisations of wolf clubs in the 
cantons are still maintained. In Brittany the Grand Louvetier is a government official. Every 
very hard winter wolves from the Carpathians and Russia move across the frozen rivers of 
Europe even to the forests of the Ardennes and of Fontainebleau. In Norway they ravage 
the reindeer herds of the Lapps. Only a few years ago an artist, his wife, and servant were 
all attacked on their way to Budapest, in Hungary, and the man and his wife killed. The 
last British wolf was killed in 1680 by Cameron of Lochiel. Wolves are common in Palestine, 
Persia, and India. 
Without going back over the well-known history of the species, we will give some anecdotes 
of the less commonly known exploits of these fierce and dangerous brutes. Mr. Kipling’s 
« Jungle Book” has given us an “heroic” picture of the life of the Indian wolves. There is a 
great deal of truth in it. Even the child-stealing by wolves is very probably a fact, for native 
opinion is unanimous in crediting it. Babies laid down by their mothers when working in the 
fields are constantly carried off and devoured by them, and stories of their being spared and 
suckled by the she-wolves are very numerous. 
Indian wolves hunt in combination, without assembling in large packs. The following is a 
remarkable instance, recorded by General Douglas Hamilton: « When returning with a friend 
from a trip to the mountain caves of Ellora, we saw a herd of antelope near a range of low rocky 
hills ; and as there was a dry nullah, or watercourse, we decided on having a stalk. While creep- 
ing up the nullah, we noticed two animals coming across the plain on our left. We took them 
at first for leopards, but then saw that they were wolves. When they were about 500 yards from 
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