ELEPHANT, TAPIR, HYRAX, RHINOCEROS 153 
Photo by M, E. F. Baird, £39. _E = 
TIMBER-ELEPHANTS 
This photograph was taken at Lakou, in Upper Siam. Notice the large teak log in the foreground 
cutta which stands 11 feet 3 inches at the shoulder. In the size of its tusks the African ele- 
phant far surpasses the Asiatic species. In India a pair of tusks measuring § feet in length and 
weighing 70 lbs. the pair would, I think, be considered large, though an elephant was killed by 
Sir Victor Brooke in the Garo Hills with a single tusk measuring 8 feet in length, 17 inches in 
circumference, and weighing go lbs., and a few tusks even exceeding these dimensions have been 
recorded. In Southern Africa the tusks of full-grown bull elephants usually weigh from 80 to 
120 Ibs. the pair, and measure about 6 feet in length, with a circumference of from 16 to 18 
inches ; but these weights and measurements have often been much exceeded, and in my own 
experience I have known of two pairs of elephants’ tusks having been obtained south of the 
Zambesi, each of which weighed slightly over 300 lbs., each tusk measuring upwards of 9 feet in 
length, whilst a single tusk brought from the neighbourhood of Lake Ngami in 1873 weighed 
174 lbs. The average weight of cow-elephant tusks in Southern Africa is from 20 to 30 lbs. the 
pair, but I have seen the tusk of a cow elephant killed in Matabililand which weighed 39 lbs. and 
measured over 6 feet in length, whilst its fellow almost equaled it in size and weight. In North 
Central Africa, according to Sir Samuel Baker, the tusks of full-grown elephants average about 
140 lbs. the pair, and tusks weighing upwards of 100 lbs. each are not at all uncommon, whilst 
many of a much greater size have been obtained. 
Until quite recently a tusk in the possession of Sir E. G. Loder, which weighs 184 lbs. and 
measures 9 feet 5 inches in length, with a circumference of 221% inches, was supposed to be the 
largest in existence; but in 1899 two tusks were obtained near Kilimanjaro, in East Central 
Africa, both of which much exceed this weight. These enormous tusks were at first stated to be 
a pair taken from a single elephant; but though nearly equal in weight they are said to be differ- 
ently shaped, and as their history is not yet fully known it is possible, though not probable, that 
they originally belonged to two different elephants. The larger of these two tusks has recently 
been purchased for the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), where it may now be 
