162 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
But little appears to be known of the habits of this species of rhinoceros. Although it is 
found in the swampy grass-covered plains of the Sunderbunds, its more usual habitat seems to be 
hilly forest-covered country, and both in Burma and Java it ascends to a height of several 
thousand feet above sea-level. It feeds principally upon leaves and the young shoots of trees 
and bushes. In disposition it is timid and inoffensive. Only the male carries a horn, which, 
being very short, is a very poor trophy for a sportsman. 
The third Asiatic species of rhinoceros, known as the, SUMATRAN, is the smallest of all living 
rhinoceroses. This species carries two horns, and its skin, which is very rough, is usually thinly 
covered with hair of a dark brown colour and of considerable length. The folds in the skin of 
the Sumatran rhinoceros are not nearly so well developed as in its single-horned relatives, and 
the one behind the shoulders is alone continued over the back. Although furnished with tusks 
in the lower jaw, the small pair of incisor teeth, which in the other two Asiatic rhinoceroses are 
always present in front of these tusks, are wanting in the Sumatran species. 
The Sumatran rhinoceros is rare in Assam, but is found in Burma and the Malay Peninsula, 
as well as in Siam, Sumatra, and Borneo. The two horns of this species are placed at some 
distance apart. Although they are as 
a rule very short, the front horn oc- 
casionally grows to a considerable 
length, sweeping backwards in a grace- 
ful curve. 
In height adult males of the Su- 
matran species stand on the average 
from 4 feet to 4% feet at the shoulder, 
and females sometimes not more than 
3 feet 8 inches. 
Like the Javan rhinoceros, the 
Sumatran species is by preference an 
inhabitant o1 hilly, forest-covered 
a eee? §=ocountry, and browses on the leaves 
Photo by York & Son] : [Notting Hill and shoots of trees and bushes. It is 
GREAT INDIAN RHINOCEROS a timid and inoffensive animal, soon 
becoming tame in captivity. Its flesh 
is said to be much appreciated by the 
Dyaks of Borneo; and as its horns are 
of value for export to China, where they are used for medicinal purposes, it has of late years 
very much decreased in numbers in the province of Sarawak, but is more plentiful in Central and 
North Borneo. Living as it does in dense jungle, it is an animal which is seldom seen by 
European sportsmen, and its habits in a wild state have never been yet very closely studied. 
Turning to the two species of rhinoceros which inhabit the continent of Africa, both are 
double-horned, and neither furnished with incisor teeth, the nasal bones being thick, rounded, 
and truncated in front. Both, too, are smooth-skinned and entirely hairless, except on the edge 
of the ears and extremity of the tail, which are fringed or tufted. 
Of the two African species, the WHITE or SQUARE-MOUTHED Ruinoceros is the larger and 
the rarer. Until quite recently the range of this huge ungainly-looking animal, the biggest of 
all terrestrial mammals after the elephant, was supposed to be entirely confined to the southern 
portions of the African Continent; for although from time to time horns had found their way to 
Zanzibar which seemed referable to the square-mouthed rhinoceros, the fact of the existence of 
the white rhinoceros in any part of Africa north of the Zambesi remained in doubt until a female 
was shot in the year 1900, in the neighbourhood of Lado, on the Upper Nile, by Captain A. St. 
H. Gibbons, who brought its skin, skull, and horns to England. The fact, however, that the 
This species inhabits the grass jungles of Northeastern India 
