THE HOLLOW-HORNED RUMINANTS 187 
Formerly there were 
several other herds of ancient 
white cattle. One was at 
-Gisburne, in Yorkshire; 
another at Chatelherault Park, 
in Lanarkshire; and records 
of herds at Bishop Auckland 
in Durham, Barnard Castle, 
Blair Athol, Burton Constable, 
Naworth Castle, and other 
ancient peaks are preserved. 
Probably all were of a breed 
highly prized in ancient days, 
which was allowed the run of 
the forests adjacent to the 
homes of their owners; then, 
as the forests were cleared, 
they were gradually taken up Phete by ads Neoman 
andenclosedin parks. Another JEReEY FOWw 
theory is, that they were the Though small in size, the Fersey cows produce more butter than any English breed 
, 4 
white cattle of North-western 
Italy, imported by the first settlements of Italian monks after the conversion of the Saxons. 
SOME DOMESTICATED CATTLE 
THE various species of European domestic cattle have in most cases been brought to a 
degree of excellence even higher than that which might be expected from the long period of 
time in which their improvement has been an object of solicitude to man. Of the foreign 
races, the dark red cattle of the Spanish Peninsula — animals which have been exported to the 
Canary Islands and Madeira with great success — are justly famous. The white oxen of North- 
east Italy have been famous since the days of the Romans. The tall long-horned cattle of 
Hungary are excellent alike as beasts of draught and for beef. The black-and-white Dutch cows 
are, and have been, the mainstay of the dairy industry of Holland, and later of Denmark; 
while the small Brittany cows are perhaps the best butter-producers on the continent of 
Europe. But England and the Channel Islands may justly claim to rear the finest cattle of the 
temperate parts of the world. The diminutive 
Jersey cows, now reared in all parts of the 
kingdom, surpass all the animals of Europe 
or America in the richness of their milk, 
.while stock from the pedigree herds of 
various English breeds is eagerly sought by 
foreign and continental buyers on both sides 
of the Atlantic, and in New Zealand and 
Australia. These foreign strains need constant 
replenishing from the English herds, and the 
result is a golden harvest to the breeders in 
these islands. 
The SHORTHORN was the first breed to be 
brought to perfection. Two main stocks — 
one for producing beef, the other for the 
dairy — are recognised; they are the “all- 
” 2 . . . 
These belong to the long-horned race of Southern and Eastern Europe, In round breed most in favour, and it is said 
the bulls the horns are shorter, and often turn downwards that the improvement in this race alone has 
Photo by W, P. Dando ; 
SPANISH CATTLE 
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