188 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
raised the value of average Irish store cattle $10 per head during the last twenty years. The 
shorthorns are level-backed, large animals, maturing very quickly. The commonest colours are 
roan, white, red, and red-and-white. HEREFORD CATTLE are red, with white faces and long, 
upturned horns; they fatten quickly on good grass, and are in most demand for summer 
beef. HIGHLAND CATTLE have long horns, rough, shaggy coats, and bodies of moderate size 
and great symmetry; they are grazed on the mountains of the West Highlands mainly, and 
fattened in the south. The beef is of the finest quality. SUSSEX CATTLE are an ‘“‘all red” 
variety, large, and formerly much used for draught and farm work. The DEVONS are another 
red variety, very like the Sussex, yielding excellent and rich milk, and, when fattened, being 
little inferior to any breed as beef. The long-horned black WELSH CATTLE grow to a great 
size, as do the polled ANGUS breed of Scotland. The polled or hornless cattle include the 
red SUFFOLKS, a most valuable breed, hardy, and wonderful producers of milk. The cows 
often give milk every day of the year. The LONGHORN breed is almost disappearing, as the 
horns are a disadvan- 
tage both in the fields 
and when the animals 
are carried on board 
ship or in the train. 
The HUMPED CATTLE 
of India and East Africa 
belong to a race dif- 
ferent from European 
cattle, of which the 
parent stock is not 
known, They have a 
hump upon the withers, 
drooping ears (a sign 
of ancient domestica- 
tion), and a very large 
dewlap. The coat is 
always exquisitely fine. 
They are of all sizes, 
Photo by G. W. Wilson & Co., Ltd, oe _ fromthe tall Brahminee 
YOUNG GAUR bull to dwarf breeds 
The largest and handsomest of the wild oxen not larger than a New- 
foundland dog. The 
commonest colours are cream, grey, mouse-colour, and white. They do not low, but grunt, 
and are by no means so fond of shade and water as European cattle. 
WILD OXEN 
THIS group consists of the GAUR of India; the GAYAL of Assam, which is possibly a 
domesticated form of the gaur, but rather smaller in size, with skull and horns different in 
character; and the BANTING, a lighter and more slender wild ox, of which different varieties 
are found in Burma, in Java (where it is kept in a half-domesticated condition), and in 
Manipur. 
said THE GAUR 
The Gaur, the so-called INDIAN BISON, is probably the largest of all the wild bovine 
animals. It is found at the foot of the North-eastern Himalaya, in the Central Provinces 
of India, the forests of Madras and Mysore, and in parts of Burma and the Malay Peninsula, 
but not in Ceylon. Its range eastward is not accurately known. In habits the gaur is 
mainly a forest animal, retiring always at daybreak into the depths of the jungle. It 
sometimes attains a height of over 6 feet at the shoulder, and a length of g feet 6 inches 
