THE DEER TRIBE 249 
and South-eastern Europe. Here, 
at the present day, stags of 
enormous size and weight are 
still to be found. In the Car- 
pathian Alps, for example, red 
deer stags are still to be shot 
scaling more than 40 stone (clean) 
in weight. Climate and feeding 
have, of course, much to do with 
the weight of stags and the size 
and beauty of their antlers. The 
Carpathian stags have enormous 
range,rich food, and, as Mr. Baillie- 
Grohman points out, are suffered 
during the summer to “ make 
undisturbed raids upon the rich 
agricultural valleys ... the feudal 
sway exercised by the great terri- 
torial magnates permitting the 
deer to trespass upon the crops 
with impunity, and thus grow to 
be the lustiest of their race.” 
In addition to the British 
This 1s one of several Asiatic forms of the wapiti Islands, the red deer of Europe 
is found on the Island of Hitteren, 
on the western coast of Norway, in the south of Sweden, and in Germany, Russia, France, 
Spain, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Greece. 
In Corsica and Sardinia a local and smaller race is found, probably closely allied to the 
stag of North Africa. The BARBARY STAG is somewhat smaller than its first cousin of Europe, 
and carries antlers which usually lack the second, or bez, tine. The colour of this stag is ‘a 
dark sepia-brown, a little lighter and greyer on the back. Faint yellowish spots can occasionally 
be distinguished on the fur in the adults,” says Sir Harry Johnston. The hinds are of the same 
colour as the stags, but lack the grey tint on the back. These fine deer are found in Algeria 
and Tunis, their habitat being chiefly in pine and cork forests. They are found also in parts 
of Morocco, near the frontiers of Algeria and Tunis, where their range extends from near the 
Mediterranean to the verge of the Sahara Desert. Formerly the Barbary stag was hunted by 
the Arabs on horseback by the aid of greyhounds. In Tunis, where it is protected by the 
French, it is now fairly abundant. 
ALTAI WAPITI 
THE MARAL AND KASHMIR STAG 
The CASPIAN RED DEER, or MARAL, is a magnificent sub-species, incomparably the finest 
representative of the red deer species. Standing about 4 feet 6 inches at the shoulder, a good 
stag will weigh as much as 40 stone clean, in exceptional specimens probably a good deal more. 
The range of this noble beast includes the Caspian provinces of North Persia, Transcaucasia, the 
Caucasus, and the Crimea. There can be little doubt that the great stags shot in the Galician 
Carpathians are Caspian red deer, and not the ordinary red deer of Western Europe. The 
red deer of Turkey is, too, no doubt referable to this sub-species. 
Continuing our survey of typical deer, we come to the KASHMIR STAG, which is a magnificent 
beast, standing as much as 4 feet 4 inches at the shoulder, and carrying antlers approaching 
the red deer type, which measure in fine specimens from 45 to 48 inches. The Kashmir stag, 
often miscalled Barasingh by Indian sportsmen, makes its home in the forest regions of the 
north side of the Kashmir Valley, ranging chiefly on altitudes of from 5,000 to 12,000 feet. 
