254 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
of them makes them look three times their 
real size — the beam is so massive and the 
tines so long. The stag, too, is such a 
big beast, standing nearly a hand taller 
than a barasingh, that if seen in the open 
he looks as big as the Irish elk... . All 
driving should be done during the heat 
of the day, when the animals are lying 
down; trying to drive when beasts are 
naturally on the move generally results 
in the game leaving the beat before the 
men are in their places. It may sound 
ridiculous for a man to get up a tree in 
a sambur drive, but he is far more likely 
to get an easy shot in this position, as 
the deer will neither see nor wind him; 
he commands more ground, and he runs 
no risk of heading back the wary old 
hind which often leads the herd, the 
chances being that if he is rightly posted 
the herd will come right under his tree. 
Another advantage is that, his fire being 
plunging, he can shoot all round without 
danger to the beaters. In some parts of i 
the Himalaya native shikaris declare that 
Me +530) eas AS wer es ois, . 
Photo by the Duchess of Bedford] [Woburn Abbey they ein shat een ae by selecting 4 
HOG-DEER likely path and improvising a salt-lick, 
The smallest Indian repr ive of the sambar group after the fashion of Laplanders when they 
want to catch their tame reindeer.” The 
flesh of this deer is coarse and only moderately good eating. 
The MaLayan SAMBAR, found from Assam, through Burma, to the Malay Peninsula, and in 
Siam, Hainan, Borneo, and perhaps Sumatra, is slightly less in size than its Indian prototype; 
the antlers vary somewhat, and are shorter and stouter. The longest antlers yet recorded 
measure 303; inches over the outer curve; these come from Borneo. 
The FORMOSAN SAMBAR, sometimes called Swinhoe’s Deer, is, again, closely connected with 
the Malayan sambar, and may be looked upon as purely a local race. The antlers appear to 
run smaller, the best recorded examples only extending to 192 inches. 
The LUZON SAMBAR (Philippines), a small sub-species, and the SZECHUAN SAMBAR (North- 
west China), are also local races of the same species. This last seems thus far to occupy the 
most northerly habitat of this group. 
The BASILAN SAMBAR (Philippines) is, like its congener of Luzon, a small sub-species, 
standing no more than from 24 to 26 inches at the shoulder, of slender build, and with the 
hindquarters higher than the withers. The best antlers yet recorded measure no more than 
154 inches. It is interesting to note that as the island of Basilan is the smallest of the 
Philippines, so is this sambar by far the smallest of its group. Its restricted habitat has no 
doubt conduced, during long ages, to bring about this result. 
The JAVAN SAMBAR, or RuSA, is a distinct species, found, as its name implies, in the island 
of Java. The antlers are somewhat slender, but are, next to those of the sambar of India, the 
longest of the group The best recorded pair measure 354 inches, while another pair from 
Mauritius, where this animal has been introduced, measure half an inch longer. This sambar 
is smaller than the great sambar of India, and is about on a par with a good red deer. 
The MOLuccaN Rusa, a sub-species somewhat smaller than the Javan deer, is found in 
