DUGONGS, MANATEES, WHALES, PORPOISES, DOLPHINS 297 
‘some cases as rare as those of the rustic bunting and red-necked nightjar among birds, or of 
the derkio and spotted dragonet among fishes. , 
British zoologists, however, usually include the following : — WHALEBONE-WHALES : Southern 
Right-whale ; Humpback; Finbacks, or Rorquals. TOOTHED WHALES: Sperm-whale, or Cachalot ; 
Narwhal; Beluga, or White Whale; Grampuses; Beaked Whale; Broad-fronted Whale; Cuvier’s 
Whale; Sowerby’s Whale; Pilot-whale; Porpoise; Dolphin; White-sided Dolphin; White-beaked 
Dolphin; Bottlenose. 
A selection may therefore be made of five of the most representative of these species — the 
SOUTHERN WHALE, the CACHALOT, the NARWHAL, the PORPOISE, and the DOLPHIN. 
_ The SOUTHERN WHALE, which, in common with the closely allied polar species, whaling- 
crews call “right,” seeing that all other kinds are, from their point of view, “wrong,” is 
probably the only right-whale which has ever found its way to our shores. Some writers 
‘include the Greenland Right-whale, but their authority for this is doubtful. It is said to grow 
to a length of at any rate 70 feet, though 55 feet would perhaps be more common for even 
large specimens. In colour it is said to be dark above, with a varying amount of white 
or grey on the flippers and under-surface. The head and mouth are very large, occupying 
in some cases one-third of the total length, and the baleen-plates measure as much as 8 or 
10 feet in length and 5 or 6 feet in width. The species has no back-fin, but there 
is a protuberance on the snout, known technically as the “bonnet.” This whale appears to 
give birth to its single calf some time in the spring months, and the mother shows great 
affection for her offspring. The HUMPBACK is distinguished from the right-whales externally 
by its longer flippers and the prominence on its back, and internally by the fluted skin 
of the throat. The FINNERS, or RORQUALS, have a distinct back-fin. They feed on fishes 
and cuttles, and I have more than once known a rorqual, which looked fully 50 feet long 
(comparing it roughly with my 24-foot boat), to swim slowly round and round my lugger, 
down on the Cornish coast, puffing and hissing like a torpedo-boat on its trial trip, rounding 
up the pilchards in a mass, and every now and then dashing through them open mouthed with 
a terrific roar, after several of which helpings it would sink out of sight and not again put in 
an appearance. 
The SPERM-WHALE, or CACHALOT, may serve as our type of the toothed whales. It 
attains to the same great dimensions as the largest of the whalebone group. A more active 
pits by A. S. Rudland & Sons 
COMMON PORPOISE 
It lives in ‘*schools,”’ or companies, and pursues the herrings and mackerel 
From 4 to 5 feet long. 
