HIVES 29 
master in apiary, the late Mr. W.B.Carr. These 
‘fends’’ slip on the terminals of the top bar. 
When handling the frames, care should be 
taken not to hold them by the metal ends, as 
they are apt to slip off and cause disaster. 
Another matter that needs attention in connec- 
tion with them is their liability to rust, and when 
working for honey production the bee-keeper 
should be scrupulously careful to see that 
only good clean metal ends are used on the 
frames. 
To Hang Standard Bar Frames.—The sides 
of the frame should hang at Jeast 7, of an inch 
and at the most i of an inch clear of the walls 
of the hive. If the space be less than 1% the 
bees will fasten the combs to the sides of the 
hive, and if it be over ¢ of an inch they will 
build combs between the frame and the hive. 
The narrower space is sufficient to allow the 
bees a free passage round the frames. 
Some frames on the market are a little wider 
than the ordinary standard. Known as ‘‘ wide- 
shouldered frames,’’ no ‘‘spacers’’ are necessary 
to keep them the proper distance apart. 
Standard frames, however, can be used suc- 
cessfully either in the ordinary hive, the queen- 
rearing hive, or as a ‘‘super”’ (see page 31) if 
it is worked in accordance with the instructions 
