4 BEE-KEEPING FOR PROFIT 
bee-keeping if full advantage is to be secured of 
the honey-harvest. In the same manner, just as 
farmers must make use of modern methods 
and appliances to obtain the best return for the 
outlay of capital and labour, so the bee-keeper 
must bring into his work the practice of up- 
to-date principles and labour-saving appliances 
connected with bee-keeping. 
The old ‘‘skep,’’ and the happy-go-lucky 
methods connected with it have given place to 
the frame hive with well-defined principles to 
govern and stimulate the production of its com- 
munity of workers. 
To work a bar-framed hive for profit it is 
first necessary that the bee-keeper should exer- 
cise forethought and be prepared for any emer- 
gency that may arise. He should always have 
by him plenty of spare frames, foundations, 
supers, and other necessities, for nothing is 
more annoying than a shortage of such during 
an unexpected honey-flow. It is always at 
such times that his orders take longest in 
fulfilment, for it is then the appliance-maker 
is overwhelmed with commissions from un- 
prepared clients, and the delay in the delivery 
of the goods means a corresponding reduction 
of the bee-keeper’s profits. 
Watchfulness and Intelligence.—These two 
