PEA FAMILY. 43 
times in milder cases the animals live four or five days 
In these cases the respiration becomes slow and laboured, 
the pulse is weak and the animals fall into a state of coma. 
In horses there are certain special symptoms: dullness, 
contractions of the surface muscles, intestinal disturb- 
ances, usually manifesting themselves in constipation, but 
sometimes in diarrhoea. There is also a tendency to lift 
the forefoot high in walking. 
The results of the search for antidotes have not been 
very satisfactory. Permanganate of potash has been 
recommended, but is useless unless given very 
early in the course of the attack. Vinegar and 
dilute sulphuric acid are also spoken of as chemical anti- 
dotes. Hypodermic injections of such sedatives as mor- 
phin or chloral hydrate are useful in controlling the con- 
vulsions. : 
According to Marsh, Clawson and Marsh: ‘There 
seems to be little doubt that, as in Zygadenus poisoning, 
if sodium bicarbonate can be administered at intervals 
frequent enough to catch the toxic principle as it enters 
the fourth stomach, recovery may be aided. This is of 
considerable theoretical interest, and the method might 
be used in order to save an especially valuable animal, 
but of course range animals cannot be treated in this 
way.” ‘ 
In Europe a species of Lupine, Lupinus luteus, has 
caused trouble, producing a disease called Lupinosis. In- 
vestigation shows this plant to be much poorer 
in alkaloids than our American species, and the 
symptoms of Lupinosis differ from those described above. 
There is loss of appetite, weakness and fever in the early 
stages. Acute atrophy of the liver is usual, giving rise 
to a yellow colour in the conjunctiva, mucous membranes 
‘Treatment 
Lupinosis 
