238 INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY chap. 



hawthorn, and bird-cherry. They will often strip a small 

 bush of its leaves, and leave it covered with tangled webs, 

 inside of which, in July, may be seen packets of whitish 

 cocoons enclosing the yellow pupae. 



It has only been possible to mention here a few repre- 

 sentative butterflies and moths, but it is hoped that those 

 chosen for description or mention give a good idea of the 

 variety of habits and forms amongst this very large and 

 important order of insects, one which appeals to us not only 

 on account of the great beauty of very many of its members, 

 and of the interest of their varied individual life-histories, 

 but even from the economic point of view also. 



Mention has already been made of the importance to man 

 of the activities of the silkworm. Then again the essential 

 cross-pollination of many of our flowers is due to the butter- 

 flies or moths which visit them, and without this external aid 

 certain species of flowers might become extinct. On the other 

 hand, we need to know and to guard against the ravages of 

 those forms which in the early larval stages destroy our 

 clothes and also many of our edible or ornamental plants. 



Classification of the Lepidoptera mentioned in Chapters 

 XV. and XVI. 



Sub-order I. Rhopalocera (Butterflies). 

 Family 1. Pieridae. 



The Large Cabbage White {Pieris hrassicae). 



The Small Cabbage White {Pieris rwpae). 



The Orange Tip (Euchloe cardamines). 



The Brimstone {Gonepteryx rhamni). 

 Family 2. Nymphalidae. 



Red Admiral {Vanessa atalanta). 



Painted Lady ( Vanessa cardui). 



Peacock {Vanessa Id). 



Large Tortoise-shell ( Vanessa polyehloros). 



Small Tortoise-shell {Vanessa urticae). 

 Family 3. Lycaenidae. 



The Common Blue {Lyeaena icarus). 



The Chalk Hill Blue {Lyeaena corydon). 



The Large Copper {Ohrysophanus dispar). 



The Small Copper {Ohrysophanus phloeas). 



The Brown Hairstreak {Zephyrus betulae). 



The Purple Hairstreak {Zephyrus quercus). 



