FISHERIES OF THE GREAT LAKES IN 1885. 141 



for filling the barrels with the herring of which the catch was largely 

 composed. North Bay likewise had a pound-net fishery from the time 

 of the introduction of the method, but it ceased altogether about 1878. 

 In 1885 there were only four pound-nets in the entire region j the one 

 not already mentioued was at Lily Bay. 



The nets were from 22 to 30 feet deep and about 30 feet square. The 

 leaders were from 891 to 1,056 feet long, and the rnech in the pots was 

 from 2 to 2£ inches. The nets were fished by eight men, and were 

 worth $1,600 ; the boats, seven in number, being valued at $280, and the 

 shore-houses aud accessories at about $335. The catch in 1885 amounted 

 to 44,300 pounds of fresh fish, valued at $691, and 95,300 pounds of 

 salt fish, worth $2,441. Of the fresh fish 27,000 pounds were herring, 

 3,250 pounds were whitefish, 11,800 pounds were trout, and 2,250 pounds 

 were mixed fish. The salt fish consisted of 38,400 pounds of herring, 

 38,200 pounds of whitefish, 18,100 pounds of trout, and 600 pounds of 

 other fish. 



Seine fishery, — As has already been stated, it was in 1845 that seines 

 were first used in Whitefish Bay, from twenty-five to thirty men being 

 employed each season, until 1859, when the seines were replaced by 

 pound-nets. As many as 3,000 packages of suckers were sometimes 

 caught in a single season with two seines. In North Bay also the 

 coming of the pound-net put a stop to seine fishing, which had there 

 been carried on for several years. The height of the fishing at North 

 Bay was just prior to the advent of the pound- net. For many years 

 there have been no seines whatever fished in the whole district. 



48. HORN'S PIER, DOOR COUNTY, TO NERO, MANITOWOC COUNTY, WIS- 

 CONSIN. 



Physical characteristics. — Along this coast the shores are generally 

 high, and the water, except in the vicinity of Ahnapee, is very shallow 

 and in many places is only a few feet deep at considerable distances 

 from the land. Between the Sturgeon Bay Canal and Ahnapee a 

 sandy flat from a few rods to half a mile wide intervenes between the 

 water-line and the high bluff which runs parallel to the shore ; but 

 south of it the highlands usually extend out to the water's edge. The 

 only natural harbor between the canal and Two Rivers is at Kewaunee. 

 The lake bottom on this coast is clay, and the lack of harbors is par- 

 tially compensated for by excellent anchoring grounds. 



Population. — The inhabitants of this region are principally Germans 

 and Bohemians, the latter element greatly predominating around Ke- 

 waunee, but being almost absent in Ahnapee and vicinity. There are 

 a few Norwegians between Kewaunee and Nero, and they largely pre- 

 dominate between Sturgeon Bay Canal and Foscoro. Nearly all the 

 people are engaged in farming. 



General description of the fisheries. — The only fishery of importance 

 in this entire region is that with gill-nets. These are used in greater 



