[31] THE SCHOONER GRAMPUS. 467 



Stem-cap is of malleable galvanized iron, of suitable size and shape to 

 cover stem-head, rounded off to prevent its marking the vessel, and has 

 flanges on either side to take the wear of towing link. 



Stem-deck. — There is a stern-deck of f -inch white pine (except the 

 after-piece, which is of oak, to support the after ring-bolt) fitted to top 

 of gunwales, and extending from stern-post to the bulkhead of the upper 

 after platform. 



Thwart stanchions. — There is an eight-square ash stanchion, 1£ inches 

 diameter, under each of the four thwarts known as the second, third, 

 fourth, and fifth thwarts. 



Pump. — A wooden pump of the ordinary pattern used on seine-boats 5 

 this is fitted with a spout to carry the water over the boat's side, and 

 has a galvanized iron spear and box, the latter properly leathered and 

 fitted for use. 



Thivart lenees.— The first, second, and sixth thwarts each has a single 

 knee at either end, and the third, fourth, and fifth thwarts have two 

 knees at either end of each thwart. 



Gunwale supporters. — There is a gunwale supporter, of galvanized 

 malleable iron, on each side of the boat ; this is bolted through the gun- 

 wale and upper ribband, and also has one bolt through the lower or 

 chafing ribband. 



Butt clamps. — There is a clamp on each butt of the planking. This 

 clamp laps far enough over the ends of each plank, so that two rows of 

 nails may be driven into either end of the clamp. 



Calking.— All butts, wood ends, and garboard seams are calked with, 

 cotton. 



Blank fastening. — The planking is nailed through the edge of each 

 streak to the battens, and has three nails in the space between two 

 timbers, these nails being 4 inches apart. 



Hooks and garboard jumpers, — There are two natural-growth juniper 

 hooks, bolted through keel and nailed through plank streaks. There 

 are also six garboard jumpers in each end of the boat, extending from 

 the keel upward over three streaks of plank on each side, these jumpers 

 being fastened to keel and plank. 



Hoisting ringbolts. — There is a hoisting ringbolt of galvanized 

 wronght-iron forward and aft. The bolt at the stern goes through the 

 after-deck ; the lower end of the bolt is flattened and pierced with two 

 holes to receive bolts that secure it to the stern-post. 



Rowlock sockets. — There are eight sockets for the rowlocks, each 

 secured with four screws. These sockets are of galvanized iron. 



Fastening of ledges. — The ledges are nailed diagonally through the 

 bottom into the keel, and through the planking and battens into the 

 ledges, the upper ends having rivets turned down so as to form a 

 clench. 



Painting, etc. — The boat is painted with three full coats of paint 

 inside and out. The bottom, outside, below water line, is painted with 



