470 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [34] 



2 inch man ilia rope ; stern becket of the same kind of rope. Bottom 

 ping made to fit into 1£ inch hole, provided with plug-line and becket; 

 one mast, of spruce, 15 feet long; one spruce sprit 15 feet long, and 

 one loose-footed sprit sail of white cotton drilling, having the following 

 dimensions: Leach, 16£ feet; luff, 13 feet; foot, 14 feet; head, 6 feet. 



20. LIVE-CARS.* 



There are three of these cars, each a duplicate of the others. The 

 length on the bottom is 13 feet; the construction the same as that of 

 the dories. The shape is like the dory, except that the stern is sharp, 

 being a duplicate of the bow, and the beam and depth are somewhat 

 greater in proportion to the length. 



The frames, gunwales, stem, and stern-post are oak; planking, white 

 cedar ^-inch thick; fastening, galvanized iron. They are provided 

 with chafe-ribbands from stem to stern on each side along the outside 

 of gunwales. 



Each car is fitted with a cover of heavy netting, made of four-cord 

 marline, which fastens to brass screw-eyes underneath the gunwales, 

 the eyes being placed six inches apart. The forward end of this net 

 cover is so arranged that it can be quickly and easily loosened to admit 

 fish. 



There are six J-inch holes in the bottom and as many similar holes 

 on each side of each car to admit a free circulation of water. 



D.— APPABATUS FOE FISHING, COLLECTING, ETC. 



21. BEAM TRAWL. 

 (Plates XV and XVI.) 

 The net and head-irons for the beam trawl were imported from 

 Grimsby, England, and are of the usual pattern employed in the fish- 

 eries of the North Sea. They are intended to fit a 30 foot beam, and are 

 smaller than those used on the larger class vessels which carry a trawl- 

 beam of from 45 to 50 feet in length. 



The head-irons serve the various purposes of weights to sink the net 

 and beam, of runners to facilitate the passage of the apparatus over the 



*The live-cars were built for the purpose-of keeping alive cod and other fish which 

 might be caught on trawl-lines. It was intended that they should be used in con- 

 nection with dories, beiug held alongside of the latter while the lines were hauled in, 

 so that the fish might be easily put into them. 



It was found on trial, however, that they were difficult to manage in a rough sea, 

 such as is commonly met with in winter, off the New England coast, where it was 

 necessary to use the cars. Beiug full of water, aud therefore heavy and loggy, they 

 would bump heavily into the dories, and, when taken alongside the vessel, would 

 frequently dive beneath her bottom as she rose on a sea, and were hard to handle 

 and hoist on deck. After using them a short time, they were superseded by stout 

 net bags, which proved eminently satisfactory and serviceable. 



For other fishing, these boat-shaped live-cars are useful, and are found especially 

 so for sea bass, scup, and lobsters. 



