[25] OPERATIONS OF SCHOONER GRAMPUS. 515 



The following is a list of the fishes collected, as identified by Dr. T. 

 H. Bean, who says : u Among the trout I find some interesting speci- 

 mens, particularly the brook trout with hyoid teeth. The fontinalis 

 usually has no hyoids, but some of these specimens have them well 

 developed :" 



Smelt (Osmerus mordax). 



Cunner (Ctenolabrus adspersm). 



Flounder (Pleuronectes americanus). 



18-Spined Sculpin (Cottus IS-spinosus). 



Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). 



Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). 



Butterfish (Muramoides gunnellus). 4 



Stickleback (Gasterosteus acuhatus). 



Cod ( Gadus ogac). 



Daddy Sculpin (Cottus gramlandicus). 



6. NOTES UPON VARIOUS SPECIES OF FISH, ETC. 



(/) Mackerel. — As has been stated, the principal object of the cruise 

 of the Grampus was to investigate the matter of the occurrence of mack- 

 erel in certain places little frequented by those who fish for that species. 

 It was also deemed important to determine, if possible, the presence or 

 absence in the regions visited of those forms upon which the mackerel 

 feeds. 



The plan adopted to obtain information concerning the presence of 

 mackerel was to make trials with toll-bait, and to inquire of every one 

 liable to possess any definite knowledge of its occurrence in localities 

 they were familiar with. The presence of minute Crustacea (called u red 

 seed' 7 or "cayenne" by fishermen), or other small forms of surface-swim- 

 ming mariue animals upon which the mackerel feeds, was determined by 

 towing small surface nets. The temperature of water and air was sys- 

 tematically taken at short intervals, which supplies the data for deter- 

 mining whether the conditions in certain localities are suitable for this 

 species. 



The first objective point was the Bird Eocks, which lie off the east 

 end of the Magdalen Islands, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In former 

 years, when hook and line fishing for mackerel was in vogue, large 

 catches were frequently made in the near vicinity of the Bird Eocks. 

 But this locality has been seldom visited by mackerelmen in recent 

 years. Eeports have also been circulated of the recent occurrence of 

 schools of mackerel between the Bird Eocks and St. PauPs Island. It 

 was, therefore, important that these localities should be visited and an 

 effort made to determine the presence or absence of the species in that 

 vicinity. 



On the afternoon of July 9 toll-bait was thrown for several hours 

 (long trials being made with it at intervals from noon to about 7 p. m.) 

 a little more than a mile to the westward of the largest Bird Eock 3 but 

 no mackerel were seen or taken. 



