[45] OPERATIONS OF SCHOONER GRAMPUS. 535 



out to us that was about forty years old — u built before the fire in ? 46," 

 the owner told us — though it had been partly rebuilt. The model and 

 style of construction has, however, been imitated very closely by the 

 native fishermen, who, having found a boat excellently well adapted to 

 their wants, have had the good sense to adopt it. 



The following is a description of a Newfoundland-built boat of this 

 kind which we saw T at St. John's, and which forms the subject of the 

 illustration : 



It is a clinker-built keel craft, with a rising floor, round easy bilge, 

 side flaring slightly above water, sharp bow and stern, the former 

 somewhat the fullest, and having convex lines above and moderately 

 concave lines at and below the load-water line. The stem and stern- 

 post both have a strong rake, the former being curved and the latter 

 straight. It has a strong sheer and a rather low freeboard amidships. 

 On top of the gunwale, however, is firmly and permanently secured a 

 water-tight wash-streak — locally called u wash-board" — that extends 

 from stem to stern, being 8 inches high in the middle and 5 to 6 inches 

 high at the ends. This, of course, adds materially to the freeboard, 

 and makes the boat correspondingly dry and safe in a sea-way. A 

 similar wash-board is used on the Block Island boats, though it is ad- 

 justable, and does not extend quite to the stem and stern. 



The interior is divided as follows : At the bow is a sort of cuddy, 3 

 feet 10 inches long fore and aft. This is decked, and has a bulk-head on 

 the after side, in which is a door. This cuddy is used for general 

 storage purposes ; the foremast steps in the after part of it, Aft of the 

 cuddy is a standing-room, platformed at the bottom, 2 feet long fore 

 and aft, and extending from side to side of the boat. In this one man 

 stands to fish. Immediately abaft the standing-room is the forward 

 fish-pen, locally called " fish-room." This is 4 feet 6 inches long fore 

 and aft, and is covered by boards loosely laid on top from one thwart 

 to the other. The space immediately around and just forward of the 

 mainmast holds the stone ballast, and over this is a platform a few 

 inches below the level of the thwarts, leaving an open space or stand- 

 ing room forward of the mast about 15 inches fore and aft, and, like all 

 the other divisions, extending from one side of the boat to the other. 

 In this one man stands to fish when 3 men are carried, which is often 

 the case on boats of this type. The after fish-room is situated aft of 

 the mainmast, and is 2 feet 6 inches long. The after cuddy, at the ex- 

 treme stern, is about 4 feet long. In this are stowed food and fishing 

 gear. In front of this, extending from side to side, is a seat, about 9 

 inches wide, for the steersman to sit on. Between the after fish-room 

 and the stern cuddy is a standing-room 2 feet 6 inches long, iu which 

 the skipper stands to fish. This is platformed, and beneath it is the 

 bailing well, access to which is had through a small trapdoor in the 

 platform. Each boat is provided with two or more adjustable stools 

 for the oarsmen to sit on whenever it is necessary to row. These stools 



