7. -A REVIEW OF THE LABROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND 



EUROPE. 



By David Starr Jordan. 



Iii this paper, I have tried to give a systematic catalogue of all the 

 species of Labroicl fishes (Old-wives, Wrasses, Doncellas, Pudianos, 

 Parrot -fishes, etc.) found in the waters of America and Europe, with 

 the synonymy of each species and analytical keys by which the various 

 genera and species may be distinguished. In the preparation of this 

 work I have been especially indebted for important aid to my wife, 

 Jessie Knight Jordan. 



The material examined comprises the collections of the Indiana Uni- 

 versity, rich in West Indian and Mediterranean fishes; a considerable 

 part of the American Labridce in the U. S. National Museum ; the Sand- 

 wich Island collections of Dr. Oliver P. Jenkins; all the iScarince in 

 the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and a large part of the fishes of 

 this family in the Museum at Paris. 



Of about one hundred and twenty species of Labridce — American 

 and European, I have examined two thirds. The following species I 

 have not seen. 



Centrolabrus exoletus. 

 Centrolabrus trutta. 

 Acantbolabrus palloui. 

 Labrus berggylta. 

 Labrus comber. 

 Labrus nubilus. 

 Symphodus inelauocercus. 

 Symphodus pirca. 

 Cteuolabrus iris. 

 Ctenolabrus suillus. 

 Cteuolabrus braudaouis. 

 Harpe eclaneberi. 



Harpe tredecimspiuosus. 

 Harpe pulcbella. 

 Lepidaplois scrofa. 

 Graus nigra. 

 Trochocopus maculatus. 

 Piuielometopou darwini. 

 Pseudolabrus gayi. 



Malapterus reticulatus. 

 Callyodouiicbtbys bleekeri. 

 Sparisouia strigatum. 

 Sparisouia mascbalespilos. 

 Sparisouia aracauga. 

 Scarns aracauga. 

 Scarus acutus. 

 Scarus flavomarginatus. 

 Scarus simplex. 

 Scarus pleiauus. 



Leptojulis bimaculatus. 

 Tbalassoma uitidum. 

 Thalassoma steindachneri. 

 Tbalassoma pavo. 

 Xyricbtbys modestus. 



I have preferred to unite the Labroid and Scaroid fishes in a single 

 family, Labridce, as the two groups are very closely similar in all re- 

 spects excepting in their dentition, both of the mouth and the pharyn- 

 geals. In the matter of the dentition of the jaws there is a strong 

 tendency towards transition into the Labroid type seen in some of the 

 genera of Scaroids. We therefore recognize the Scarincc as forming 

 one of the suborders of the Labrince. The other Labrince show char- 

 acters less strongly marked. 



The Labrince are the most generalized forms, well distinguished from 

 the others by their greater number of vertebra), a character associated 

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