602 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [4] 



ff. Anterior teeth very small, not canine-like ; lower pharyngeals very 

 small, with small, coalescent teeth ; spinous dorsal enveloped by 



scales ; lower jaw scaly Clepticinve, C. 



ee. Vertebrae 23 to 25 (rarely 26) ; dorsal spines 8 or 9 (rarely more) ; anterior 

 canines strong l~^-', head usually naked, the cheeks sometimes scaly ; 



preopercle entire , JulidiNyE, D. 



bb. Dorsal spines 3; anal spines 2; the spines all very slender and flexible, 

 essentially similar to the soft rays ; body elongate ; preopercle en- 

 tire; sides of head scaly; lateral line complete; anterior canines 

 about \ ; vertebrae probably numerous. Species of the* South Tem- 

 perate Zone Malapterin.e, E. 



aa. Teeth in jaws more or less perfectly confluent ; lower pharyngeals more or less 

 spoon -shaped or basin-shaped, their teeth broadest transversely and 

 truncate, arranged in a sort of mosaic ; anal spines 2 ; dorsal spines 

 9; scales very large, 23 to 25 in the lateral line; vertebrae about 

 ll-[-14 —25. Herbivorous species, the sexes similarly colored. 



Scaring, F. 



Subfamily A -LABEINJE. 



(Labroid fishes with the vertebrae and dorsal spines in increased 

 number. Species of moderate or small size, nearly all European and 

 all confined to the North Temperate Zone.) 



a. Anal spines 4 to 6 ; dorsal spines 16 to 21 ; cheeks and opercles scaly ; scales rather 

 large; preopercle serrate. 

 b. Teeth small in single series ; mouth small ; dorsal fin nearly scaleless. 



Centrolabrus, 1. 

 bb. Teeth larger, in about two series; mouth large; dorsal fin scaly. 



ACANTHOLABRUS, 2. 



aa. Anal spines, 3. 



c. Teeth in one series ; cheeks and opercles scaly. 



d. Scales small, 43 to 55 in the lateral line; preopercle entire (in the adult) ; 

 lips very thick; teeth strong; dorsal spines 17 to 21 ; vertebrae 38 to 



41 L abrus, 3. 



dd. Scales large, 30 to 35 in the lateral line; preopercle serrulate; dorsal spines 



14 to 16 ; vertebrae 30 to 32 Symphodus, 4. 



cc. Teeth in more than one series. 



e. Preopercle serrate ; opercles scaly; scales moderate or large. Ctenolabrus,5. 

 ee. Preopercle entire ; opercles naked ; scales small Hiatula, 6. 



Subfamily B -HAEPINJE. 



(Labroids with the vertebrae 28 to 29 ; the dorsal spines 11 to 14, and 

 the jaws with strong canines. Species mostly of large size and bright 

 coloration, inhabiting warm seas.) 



a. Dorsal spines about 14, the 3 or 4 anterior falcate produced in long streamers; 

 body deep and compressed, the anterior profile steep ; teeth uuiserial ; 

 no posterior canine ; cheeks and opercles scaly ; bases of soft dorsal 

 and anal scaly; soft parts of vertical fins produced; scales moderate 

 (40) Lachnolaimus, 7. 



aa. Dorsal spines 11 or 12 (rarely 13), none of them produced in filaments ; cheeks 

 and opercles scaly ; body oblong ; the back not greatly elevated. 

 b. Soft dorsal and anal fins each with a scaly sheath at base; scales large (about 

 32) ; posterior canine present. 



