[11] REVIEW OF THE LABKOID FISHES. 609 



The Norwegian name berggylta seems to have clear priority over the 

 name maculatus for the species, although the latter name has been more 

 generally used. 



5. LABRUS COMBER. 



(Comber.) 



Comber Pennant, " British Zoology, iii, 252, pi. 47, f. 123, 1776" (Cornwall). 

 Labrus comber Gnieliu, Syst. Nat., 1788, 1297 (after Pennant). 



Labrus donovani Cuv. & Val., xiii, 39, 1839 (Brittany); Steindaehner, Ichth. 

 Berichte, 18G8, 25, t. iv, f. 2; Day, British Fishes, 253; and of most authors. 



Habitat. — Coasts of Europe, north to England. 

 Etymology: Comber, the Cornish name of the species. 

 We have not seen this species. Dr. Day regards it as a variety of 

 Labrus berggylta, from which it seems to differ chiefly iu the coloratiou. 



6. LABRUS LIVENS. 



Turdus niger, Merula Salviani Willughby, 320. 



Labrus cceruleo-nigricans Artedi, Syuonymia, 55 (after Willughby). 



Labrus livens LinEieus, Syst. Nat., x, 287, 1758 (description incomplete). 



Labrus merula Linmeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 288, 1758 (after Artedi) ; Cuv. & Val. iii, 80. 



Giinther, iv, 72 ; and of Steindaehner and nearly all recent writers. 

 Labrus crassus Agassiz, Spix, Pise. Brazil, 1829, 95, tab. 52 (coast of Brazil) ? 

 Labrus psittacus Risso, "Eur. Mend., 182(5." 

 Labrus Uvidus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss, xiii, 87, 1839. 

 Labrus limbatus Cuv. & Val., 1. c, 89. 

 Labrus lineolatus Cuv. & Val., 1. c, 90. 

 Labrus saxorum Cuv. & Val., 1. c, 91. 

 Scarus viridis Gronow, Systema, Ed. Gray, 1854, 63. 



Habitat. — Coast of southern Europe. (Brazil ?). 



Etymology: Livens, "black aud blue," growing livid. 



Our specimens of this species are from Venice. The species is distin- 

 guished from all the others in the group by its plain coloratiou, com- 

 pared by Willughby and other early writers to that of the English Black- 

 bird, Turdus or Merula. 



We follow Dr. Steindaehner in regarding L. lineolatus and L. saxorum 

 as the young of Labrus livens. 



Prof. Agassiz has described from Brazil a Labrus allied to L. merula 

 under the name of Labrus crassus. As no species of this genus is known 

 to occur in American waters, it is perhaps possible that this Labrus 

 crassus really came from Europe. In this case, we do not know how 

 to distinguish it from Labrus livens. 



We have substituted the name livens for merula as having the priority 

 of a page over the latter name. The description of Linna3iis is very 

 short, but the number of dorsal rays (X VIII, 13) shows it to be a Labrus, 

 and no other species has " corpore fusco-livido." 

 H. Mis. 133 39 



