[13] REVIEW OF THE LABROID FISHES. 611 



one concerning the application of which there is least doubt. We 

 have, therefore, substituted viridis for turdus&s the specific name of the 

 species. 



The specimens of Labrus viridis in our collection were taken at Palermo 

 by Professor Doderiein, and in the markets of Paris by Dr. Jordan. 



9. LABRUS BIMACULATUS. 



(COOK-WKASSE ; COOK-CUNNER J REDWliASSK.) 



Turdus major varius Willnghby, 322 (male). 



Labrus (X flavo etcocruleo varius Artedi, Syn., 57 (after Willugbby). 



Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x,285, 1758. (Mediterranean Sea); and of 



a few copyists. (Based on females.) 

 ? Labrus osslfagus Linnams, 1. c., 286 (" Europa "). 

 Labrus mixtus Linnrous, 1. c., 287 (after Artedi); Cuv. &, Val.,xiii,43; Giiuther, iv, 



74 ; Steindaehner, Ichth. Ber., ii. 1868,23; Day, Fish. Great Britain, 256; Col- 



lett, Norges Fiske, 91 ; and of authors generally. 

 Labrus cccruleus Ascanius, "Icones, t. xii. 1772 (male)." 

 Labrus carneus Ascanius, 1. c, t. xiii (female) and of various authors. 

 Labrus variegatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788, 1294 (on the Striped Wrasse of Pennant); 



and of numerous early authors. 

 Labrus trimaculatus Gmelin, 1. c, 1294 (female), and of various authors 

 Labrus coquus Gmelin, I.e., 1297 (male) (on the ''Cook" of Pennant) and of various 



authors. 

 Labrus vittatus Walbaum, Artedi, Piscium, 1792, 256 (on the "Striped Wrasse" of 



Pennant). 

 Labrus herbeus Walbaum, Artedi, Piscium, 1792,258 (on the "Gronne Berggyltte" of 



Strom). 

 Labrus badius Walbaum, 1. c, 258 (on the " Brune og morkplettede Berggylte" of 



Strom). 

 T Labrus microlepidotus Bloch, Ichth., 1792, taf. 292 (scales much too small for the 



species of Labrus). 

 Labrus vetula Bloch, Ichth., 1792, taf. 293 (North Sea) and of authors. 

 Sparus formosus Shaw, "Nat. Misc., i, pi. 31," about 1800. 

 Labrus cool Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 268 (after Pennant). 

 Labrus luvarus Rafinesque, Caratteri, 1810, 38. 

 Labrus quadrimaculatus Risso, Europe Me*rid., iii, 302, 1826. 

 Acantlwlabrus yarrelli Cuv. & Val., xiii, 1839, 250 (on a specimen said to have 6 anal 



spines). 



Habitat. — Coasts of Europe, north to Norway and Scotland. 



Etymology : Bimaculatus, two-spotted, in allusion to the color of the 

 dorsal fin in the female. 



This handsome and excessively variable species is generally common 

 in the waters of southern Europe. Our specimens, male and female, 

 are from Palermo. We follow Giinther, Day, and Steindaehner in re- 

 garding the species called carneus and bimaculatus as the female of 

 Labrus mixtus. The name bimaculatus stands first in the SystemaNat- 

 une, for which reason we have adopted it, though it is by no means au 

 appropriate one. 



