616 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [18] 



Tbis abundant species may be known at once by the inky black ocellus 

 on the pectoral fin, a mark which is never absent or even obscure so far 

 as we have noticed. No doubt of any importance exists in connection 

 with its synonymy, the name mediterraneus being of unquestioned ap- 

 plication and of. clear priority. Our specimens are from Venice and 

 Palermo. 



11. SYMPHODUS TINCA. 



Turdus vulgatissimus tinea marina venetis Willughby, Hist. Pise, 319, 1636. 



f Alphestes sive Cina&dus Willughby, 1. c, 3*23. 



Labrus rostro sursum reflexo, etc., Artedi, Genera 33, Syn. 56 (after Willughby, p. 



319). 

 ? Labrus luteus, dorso purpureo, Artedi, Syn. 56 (after Willughby, etc.). 

 Labrua tinea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x. 285, 1758, and of the early copyists (after 



Artedi, 33). 

 ? Labrus cynwdus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x., 288, 1758 (after Artedi, Syn. 56). 

 Labrus pavo Briinnich, Ichth. Massiliensis, 1768, 49 (not of Linmeus). 

 Crenilabrus pavo Cuv. &. Val. xii, 140; Gunther, iv, 78 (and of most recent writers). 

 ? Labrus corpare fusco, etc., Briinnich, Ichth. Massiliensis, 1768, 56. No. 72. 

 f Labrus fuscus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788 (after Briinnich); Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 



1792. 

 ? Labrus lapina Forskal, 1. c, 36 (Constantinople). 



? Labrus serpent'wus Bonnaterre, Encycl. Meth., 1788, 117 (after Briinnich.) 

 ? Labrus lincU Bloch, Ichth., iv, 127, taf., 252, 1792. 

 t Labrus notaius Bloch, Ichth., taf., 251, f. 2, 1792. 

 ? Labrus virescens Bloch, 1. c.,taf., 254, 1792. 



? Labrus violaceus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 248 (after Labrus UncJci). 

 f Lutjanus briinnichi Lac^pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 222, 1803 (after Briinnich). 

 Lutjanus geoffroyius Risso, Ichth. Nice, 1810, 261, pi. 8, f. 25. 

 Labrus ehrysostoma Rafinesque, Caratteri, etc., 37, 1810. 

 ? Labrus caliophthahnus Rafinesque, 1. c, 37. 

 Labrus lappanus Rafinesque, 1. c, 39. 

 Labrus cliloroplithalmus Rafinesque, 1. c, 40. 

 ? Labrus marmoratus Rafinesque, 1. c, 41. 

 ? Lutianus erythrophthaJmus Rafinesque, Indice, 1810, 67. 

 Labrus polyehrous Pallas, Zoogr, Rosso- Asiatica, 1811, iii, 262. 

 ? Crenilabrus arcuatus Risso, Europe Mdridionale, 1826, iii, 328. 

 Labrus fociidus Chiereghini, p. 123. 

 Labrus verdutius Chiereghini, p. 124 (fide Canestrini). 



Habitat. — Mediterranean fauna. 



Etymology: from tinea, tench, a fresh-water fish, which these Labroid 

 fishes slightly resemble. 



This species is generally abundant in the Mediterranean, and it 

 reaches a larger size (10 or 12 inches) than any of the others. Its syn- 

 onymy offers no special room for doubt. It is evident, as Valenciennes 

 has shown, that this species is clearly the original of Labrus tinea Lin- 

 naeus, and that it is by no means the original Labrus pavo L. Never- 

 theless all recent writers have called this species pavo, and another of 

 the same genus tinea, regardless of the confusion which always fol- 

 lows any knowing infraction of the law of priority. If this is the orig- 



