636 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [38] 



Type : Ldbrusjulis Linn reus. 



Etymology: 'looks, name of some red Labroid, from iov, violet. 



This genus, as now restricted, contains some half dozen species of the 

 eastern Atlantic and the East Indies. We have not been able to study 

 critically many of the foreign species referred to Coris. It seems to us 

 that the type of the latter genus, Coris aygula, with 60 scales in the lat- 

 eral line and weak or wanting posterior canines should not be con- 

 generic with Julis julis, but is related rather to the group called Her- 

 micoris by Bleeker. Pseudocoris Bleeker and Hologymnosus Lac6pede, 

 referred by Glinther to Coris, seem to be distinct genera. 



The name Julis, used for the group here called lhalassoma by Giin- 

 ther and Bleeker, was originally based by Cuvier on Labrus julis, and 

 it was further explicitly restricted to this species by Swainson, who de- 

 clared that Julis mediterraneus Risso (Labrus julis L.) is the Julis of 

 the ancients. 



ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN SPECIES OF JULIS. 



a. Male with the anterior spines of the dorsal elevated, flexible, nearly half length of 

 head; females with the spines subequal, slender, but more or less pungent; 

 body elongate, somewhat compressed, covered with small scales, the head naked; 

 canine teeth f, the outer pair smaller; caudal fin subtruncate; male brown 

 above, a broad red band (whitish in spirits) with serrated edges from the eyo 

 across opercle to upper part of base of caudal ; below this a brown band, its 

 upper edge jagged, its lower fading into the color of the belly ; this band on the 

 head is bounded below by a dark line, but fades into the pale band above; an 

 oblong jet-black blotch about as long as head immediately behind pectoral, its 

 upper edge along lower edge of red band; a jet-black spot on tip of opercle; 

 front of spinous dorsal black, the long spines tipped with white; dorsal whitish, 

 with one or two grayish longitudinal streaks; anal pale ; caudal pale, sometimes 

 with very faint oblique streaks ; sometimes the pale lateral band wanting and 

 the body marked with dark cross-streaks (var. speciosa) ; female pale, with a 

 dusky lateral shade from snout through eye to base of caudal ; sometimes a 

 narrow streak below this ; jet-black spot on opercle present ; fins pale, unmarked ; 

 young males sometimes with the upper half of the body dark, the lower from the 

 level of the eye abruptly pale ; the opercular spot present in both sexes at all 

 ages. Head 3^ in length ; depth 4£ ; D. IX, 12 ; A. Ill, 12 ; scales 3-75-25 ; verte- 

 brae 11 + 14=25 Julis, 39. 



39. JULIS JULIS. 



(Rainbow Wrasse; Doncella.) 



Labrus palmarius varius Artedi, Genera 34, Syn. 53, 1738. 



Labrus niloticus Hasselquist, "IterPalaestinum, 1757, 346," (Egypt). (Pre-Linnaean.) 

 Labrus julis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, 284 (after Artedi) (and of copyists). 

 Coris julis Glinther, iv, 195; Steindachner, Ichth. Bericht. 1868, 35; Day, British 



Fishes, 269 (and of many recent writers). 

 Labrus niloticus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, 286 (after Hasselquist). 

 Labrus perdica Forskal, Descr. Anim., 34, 1775 (Constantinople). 

 Labrus subfuscus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 28 (after Gronow ; Mediter- 

 ranean). 

 Labrus giofredi Risso, Ichth. Nice, 1810, 228 (female). 

 Julis giofredi et vars. argentata et fuscoviolacea Risso, Eur. Mtfrid., 1826. 



