4 PINES 
Cones.—Shape, size, their habits; whether per- 
sistent, deciduous, dehiscent (falling to pieces), 
whether erect or pendulous, shape of scales, length 
of stalk, or whether stalkless or sessile (very shortly 
stalked). We allude to this point further on.’ 
Resin Canals.—This is a subject for the magnify- 
ing glasses at home rather than the pedestrian abroad, 
and is explained in the glossary: 
Shoots.—Their colour, whether pubescent (downy) or 
glabrous (smooth); this can be seen with the naked 
eye, but more adequately with a lens. 
Stems.—This is a matter of experience, and it is 
difficult to lay down a rule upon points to be 
observed. Trunks vary in different localities, and at 
different ages. 
Flowers.—All Conifers are moncecious (having 
male and female flowers on the same tree), except 
Fitzroya and Araucaria, which are irregular, some- 
times mMoncecious, sometimes dicecious. Floral 
structure of Pines, Silver Firs, and Spruce. The 
male flowers are in clusters near the ends of previous 
year’s shoots; the female (ovuliferous) solitary, or in 
clusters, on ends of the preceding year’s shoots. 
How they carry their leaves from their branchlets 
is often a sign-manual of great significance. When 
they are uncompromisingly pendulous, as the Pinus 
Excelsa (par excellence), the Weymouth, the Armandi, 
etc., or when they are uncompromisingly vertically 
situate, of which style the Fox-tail Pines are the 
champion exponents, the road to recognition is 
smoothed. To exemplify by homely illustration: 
the pendulous appearance resembles the natural fall 
of a horse’s mane from the crest of his neck, while 
the vertical style can be likened to the more un- 
natural state produced by hogging that article; or 
if we were to draw a simile from a more remote time 
in equine history, we should say that one resembled 
