68 ABIES, OR SILVER FIRS 
Numidica, in which they point backwards, point for- 
wards); (c) whether these median leaves arise from the 
branchlets straight up, as, for instance, in A. Ama- 
bilis, or whether they are at first appressed—that is 
to say, adhere for the first part of their length to the 
branchlets—before shooting up in a forward direction 
from the stem, as in the A. Nobilis and Magnifica ; 
(d) apex of leaf, whether sharply bifid (as e.g. Firma, 
Homolepis, Webbiana, etc.), or emarginate, or less 
sharply and more obtusely notched (as e.g. Pectinata, 
etc.), or whether entire, with unbroken margin (as 
e.g. Nobilis, Concolor, Magnifica, Lasiocarpa, Re- 
ligiosa); or whether the apex is rounded, obtuse, 
truncate, acute, or spine-tipped, as in Bracteata. 
Apex Apex Apex - Apex Apex Apex 
Entire Rounded Truncate Bifid’ two Spine Acute 
notched notched sharp points tipped 
Concolor Nobilis Pectinata - Veitchii Firma Bracteata an 
Lasiocarpa  Magnifica Grandis Amabilis Brachyp shyla Pinsapo 
A. Religiosa Nordmanniana very ohenely (apex more 
Lowiang ~ sometimes) pen-nibbed 
Mariesii Cilicia shape. 
Sachalinensis { Numidica 
-Sibirica Homolepis 
Balsamea 
Fraseri 
Stomata.—Whether they show white stomatiferous 
bands on one side of the leaf or on both sides, as do 
the Spruces (Picez) upon all sides. The Silver Firs 
(Abies) are rarely stomatiferous on both sides of the 
leaf, and in ‘instances where they are, often not 
whole-heartedly but in broken bands, or only on the 
leaves of the higher boughs. 
The following are the exceptions4imong Silver Firs 
that show stomata on both sides of the leaf: Lowiana, 
Concolor, Lasiocarpa, Arizonica, Nobilis, Magnifica, 
Numidica, and Pinsapo, also the Cephalonica—but 
inconspicuously, except with the aid of magnifying 
glasses. I should like to add to these the A. Sacha- 
linensis, although it does not generally appear to: be 
