A. PINSAPO AND CEPHALONICA 71 
UNDECIDED 
Group III . Group VI 
Religiosa (1st year corrugated; | Pindrow (smooth, but slightly 
2ud year smooth). fissured 2nd year). 
Mariesii (smooth, but slightly 
fissured when older), 
ABIES. GROUP I 
(OF RADIALLY ARRANGED LEAVES) 
A. PINSAPO AND CEPHALONICA 
The Spanish Pinsapo and the Greek Cephalonica 
practise the rites of unorthodoxy in their observances 
of Silver Fir rules, with a defiance that asks for 
expulsion. Their leaves are radially arranged, have 
spiny tips, and show white stomata bands on both 
surfaces, and are attenuated towards the base, where, 
like the Pinsapo, they take their rest on little green 
supports. So far they are fashioned after the manner 
of the Spruce tree family. 
What, then, is it that entitles them to rank among 
the Abies ? In the first place their cones are erect and 
dehiscent. In the second place the situation of their 
leaves is in accordance with the traditions of the 
Silver Fir. When pulled off they leave a circular 
scar, as is explained previously. These two points 
tip the beam in favour of the Abies, but it must have 
been a close thing at one time, we imagine, and a case 
for the referee to be called in. The Pinsapo takes 
its name from a region in Spain; the Cephalonica 
from the Greek Island Cephalonia in the Ionian Sea. 
The rampant unorthodoxy of these two Abies 
simplifies the matter of their identity if it does 
nothing else. The much harder, shorter, lighter- 
tinted, broader, and aggressively sticking-out rigid 
leaves of the Pinsapo prevent any misconception 
arising as to which is which of these two stable com- 
panions. The new twigs of the Pinsapo are, we 
